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Determinantes de la densidad mineral ósea del antebrazo en atletas masculinos con índice osteogénico de entrenamiento
Jakub Bałdyka1, Anna Kopiczko2
1Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka, 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland. jakub.baldyka@awf.edu.pl.
Scientific reports
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
Los atletas que lanzan y los escaladores exhiben una mayor densidad ósea del antebrazo. Las fracturas pasadas pueden indicar un riesgo de baja densidad ósea, enfatizando la importancia de los ejercicios con pesas para la salud ósea en hombres jóvenes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La ortopedia
- Medicina del deporte
- Fisiología ósea
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad física es crucial para el pico de masa ósea y mineralización en hombres adultos jóvenes.
- La densidad mineral ósea del antebrazo (DMO) está influenciada por varios factores, incluida la participación deportiva y las características físicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de diferentes deportes (volley, atletas de lanzamiento, escalada, snowboard), el historial de fracturas, la fuerza de agarre de la mano (HGS) y la composición corporal en la DMO del antebrazo en hombres.
- Identificar actividades atléticas específicas y factores fisiológicos asociados con una mayor o menor densidad ósea del antebrazo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó absorptiometría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA) para medir la DMO, el contenido de masa ósea (CMB) y las puntuaciones T en el antebrazo distal y proximal.
- Se realizó un análisis estadístico, incluido el análisis de covarianza, para determinar los factores significativos que afectan la DMO y la CMO del antebrazo.
Principales resultados:
- Los atletas de escalada (CL) y lanzamiento (TA) demostraron las puntuaciones más altas de DMO, CMO y T del antebrazo.
- Los participantes en el snowboard (SN) mostraron la mayor prevalencia de baja densidad ósea.
- El tipo de competición deportiva y la altura del cuerpo afectaron significativamente la DMO del antebrazo distal, mientras que el tipo de competición deportiva influyó en la DMO proximal.
- La fuerza de agarre de la mano (HGS) y el tipo de competencia deportiva fueron factores significativos para la BMC del antebrazo y la puntuación T (distal), con HGS también afectando significativamente la puntuación T (proximal).
Conclusiones:
- El entrenamiento que involucra ejercicios de lanzamiento y soporte de pesas se asocia con un aumento de la DMO del antebrazo.
- Los antecedentes de fracturas pueden servir como un indicador temprano para identificar a las personas en riesgo de baja densidad ósea.
- La participación en deportes específicos influye significativamente en la salud ósea del antebrazo en hombres adultos jóvenes.
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