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Los ocupantes y los tipos de superficie impulsan la dinámica microbiana en entornos interiores controlados

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La actividad humana tiene un impacto significativo en los microbios de interior, acumulando bacterias en los filtros de aire acondicionado e influyendo en la diversidad microbiana de superficie. La ventilación y el control de la humedad son claves para ambientes interiores más saludables.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología ambiental
  • Calidad del aire interior
  • Salud humana

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las comunidades microbianas en interiores afectan la calidad y la salud del medio ambiente.
  • Los estudios anteriores analizaron los factores individualmente, sin un análisis combinado de la interacción.
  • Existe una investigación limitada sobre el papel de los sistemas de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado (HVAC) y de drenaje.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la influencia combinada de la ocupación humana, la humedad superficial, la acuaponia y los parámetros ambientales en la dinámica microbiana interior.
  • Investigar las comunidades bacterianas y eucariotas en unidades residenciales selladas durante 1,5 años.
  • Comprender las interacciones microbianas dentro de los entornos interiores.

Principales métodos:

  • Una investigación controlada a largo plazo en unidades residenciales selladas.
  • Evaluación de la ocupación humana, las superficies secas y húmedas, la acuaponia, la humedad, la ventilación y las variaciones estacionales.
  • Secuenciación de amplicones para análisis bacteriano y eucariótico.

Principales resultados:

  • El uso continuo de aire acondicionado sin aumento de CO2 y humedad.
  • Las superficies secas (filtros, polvo) mostraron una mayor diversidad microbiana que las superficies húmedas (desagües, duchas).
  • La ocupación humana enriqueció los filtros de aire acondicionado con bacterias oportunistas; la acuaponia tuvo un impacto mínimo en la escala de la habitación.

Conclusiones:

  • La actividad humana impulsa la acumulación microbiana en los sistemas de climatización.
  • Existen perfiles microbianos distintos para las superficies interiores secas y húmedas.
  • Los hallazgos informan sobre la higiene, el mantenimiento de HVAC y el diseño del edificio para mejorar la calidad microbiana interior.