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Alfabetización y estigma del suicidio entre estudiantes universitarios en Pokhara, Nepal: un estudio transversal
Dhurba Khatri1,2, Dipendra Kumar Yadav1, Shishir Paudel2
1School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal.
PloS one
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La alfabetización y el estigma del suicidio son preocupaciones significativas entre los adultos jóvenes en Nepal, con brechas de conocimiento y altos niveles de percepciones negativas. Los programas educativos específicos y las iniciativas de reducción del estigma son cruciales para la prevención del suicidio en las instituciones educativas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Investigación de la salud mental
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- El suicidio presenta un gran desafío para la salud pública mundial, exacerbado por el estigma y la baja alfabetización sobre el suicidio.
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre el estigma del suicidio y la alfabetización entre los adultos jóvenes en Nepal, a pesar de las crecientes preocupaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la alfabetización del suicidio y el estigma entre los estudiantes universitarios en Nepal.
- Identificar los factores asociados con la alfabetización y el estigma del suicidio en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal que involucró a 597 estudiantes de pregrado en la ciudad metropolitana de Pokhara, Nepal.
- Utilizó la escala de alfabetización del suicidio (LOSS-SF) y la escala de estigma del suicidio (SOSS-SF).
- Utilizó estadísticas descriptivas, pruebas t independientes y ANOVA para el análisis de datos.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron importantes lagunas de conocimiento en los factores de riesgo de suicidio y conceptos erróneos prevalentes.
- Se informaron altos niveles de estigma, con descriptores negativos comunes como "patético", "inmoral" y "estúpido".
- El análisis demográfico reveló diferencias en las puntuaciones de alfabetización y estigma basadas en género, edad, situación de vida y año académico.
Conclusiones:
- Necesidad urgente de programas de alfabetización para el suicidio e iniciativas de reducción del estigma en los entornos educativos nepaleses.
- Las intervenciones culturalmente sensibles son necesarias para abordar conceptos erróneos y promover comportamientos de búsqueda de ayuda.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve la importancia de estrategias personalizadas para la prevención eficaz del suicidio entre los adultos jóvenes.
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