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Abuso físico infantil y problemas de salud autoinformados: un estudio de casos y controles que incluye casos

Daniella Justesen¹, Carl Johan Wingren¹, Liselott Slot¹

¹Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

|September 2, 2025

Resumen

Los niños expuestos a la violencia física informaron de más problemas de salud, incluida la mala higiene dental y el bajo disfrute escolar. Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones en poblaciones más grandes para validar los resultados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pediátrica
Pediatría forense
Psicología infantil

Sus antecedentes:

El maltrato infantil plantea importantes riesgos para la salud, pues afecta el bienestar físico, social y emocional.
Las consecuencias a largo plazo del abuso pueden extenderse hasta la edad adulta.
Se desarrolló un cuestionario de salud para los exámenes forenses para identificar problemas de salud relacionados con el abuso.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar si los niños sospechosos de haber estado expuestos a la violencia física reportan más problemas de salud que los niños no expuestos.
Investigar la relación entre el abuso físico sospechoso y los problemas de salud autoinformados.

Principales métodos:

Un grupo de 374 niños (sospechosos de violencia física) examinados en un Centro de Defensa de la Infancia (CAC) en Copenhague.
Un grupo de control de 122 niños (sin sospecha de abuso) reclutados a través de las redes sociales y la divulgación comunitaria.
Los exámenes forenses estandarizados incluyeron entrevistas de salud sobre comportamientos y bienestar.

Principales resultados:

Los niños sospechosos de abuso informaron significativamente más problemas de salud en general.
Los casos de 8 a 14 años tenían mayores probabilidades de cepillarse los dientes con poca frecuencia (OR: 3.85) y de disfrutar poco de la escuela (OR: 3.74).
La regresión logística multivariada ajustada por covariantes y estratificada por edad identificó estas preocupaciones significativas.

Conclusiones:

Las entrevistas de salud pueden ayudar a identificar a los niños en riesgo de abuso.
Los hallazgos sugieren posibles vínculos entre el abuso físico y los comportamientos específicos de salud / indicadores de bienestar.
Se necesita una mayor validación en poblaciones más grandes debido al limitado poder estadístico.

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