Cambios postpandémicos en las redes de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión entre los adultos jóvenes desfavorecidos socioeconómicamente: un estudio transversal repetido
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Aziz Essadek1,2, Tamara Guenoun3, Florence Gressier4
1Laboratoire INTERPSY UR4432, Université de Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France.
SSM - population health
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Después de la pandemia, los adultos jóvenes se enfrentan a un empeoramiento de la depresión y la ansiedad, con pensamientos suicidas casi duplicados. Los síntomas de ansiedad ahora son más centrales y están relacionados con pensamientos suicidas, lo que requiere intervenciones integradas de salud mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación de la salud mental
- La psiquiatría
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto desproporcionado en la salud mental de los adultos jóvenes con desventajas socioeconómicas.
- Si bien la angustia psicológica general ha disminuido después de la pandemia, los grupos vulnerables siguen siendo de alto riesgo.
- El análisis de redes proporciona un marco transdiagnóstico para examinar la dinámica de los síntomas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los cambios en las redes de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad entre los adultos jóvenes con desventajas socioeconómicas de 2020 a 2024-2025.
- Evaluar la evolución de la interacción y la centralidad de los síntomas a lo largo del tiempo.
- Identificar cambios en la agrupación de síntomas y su relación con la ideación suicida.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un diseño de estudio transversal repetido con adultos jóvenes con desventajas socioeconómicas.
- Los síntomas de depresión (PHQ-9) y ansiedad (GAD-7) se evaluaron en dos momentos (2020 y 2024-2025).
- Se utilizaron modelos gráficos de Gauss y pruebas de comparación de redes para analizar las redes de síntomas y la centralidad.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron aumentos significativos en las puntuaciones de depresión (9,43 a 11,35) y ansiedad (6,3 a 8,14).
- La prevalencia de ideas suicidas casi se duplicó del 25,9% al 42,9%.
- El análisis de la red reveló una mayor interconexión de síntomas, una mayor centralidad de los síntomas de ansiedad y un cambio en la ideación suicida hacia un grupo relacionado con la ansiedad.
Conclusiones:
- Después de la pandemia, ha surgido una red psicopatológica caracterizada por un aumento de la centralidad de los síntomas de ansiedad y el vínculo con las ideas suicidas.
- Las intervenciones específicas que abordan tanto la depresión como la ansiedad son cruciales para reducir el riesgo de suicidio en adultos jóvenes vulnerables.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve la necesidad de un apoyo integrado a la salud mental para los jóvenes con desventajas socioeconómicas.
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