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Incidencia del estrabismo en el glaucoma infantil
Kaersti L Rickels1, Muhammad Z Chauhan1, Linda R Dagi2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.
Ophthalmology science
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Los niños con glaucoma tienen un riesgo sustancialmente mayor de desarrollar estrabismo. Factores como la edad más temprana en el diagnóstico, el nistagmo, la ambliopía y la cirugía de glaucoma aumentan este riesgo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oftalmología
- Oftalmología pediátrica
- Investigación sobre el glaucoma
Sus antecedentes:
- El glaucoma infantil es una afección grave que afecta a las personas jóvenes.
- El estrabismo, o desalineación de los ojos, es una complicación potencial que requiere evaluación.
- Comprender la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de estrabismo en esta población es crucial para una intervención oportuna.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la incidencia acumulada de estrabismo en niños diagnosticados con glaucoma.
- Comparar el riesgo de estrabismo en pacientes con glaucoma infantil frente a controles sanos.
- Identificar los factores predictivos del desarrollo del estrabismo en pacientes pediátricos con glaucoma.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte clínico retrospectivo utilizando la Red de Colaboración TriNetX de los Estados Unidos.
- Se identificaron 12.637 pacientes con glaucoma infantil (≤18 años) y se compararon con controles sanos.
- Para analizar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo del estrabismo se utilizaron los modelos de propensión a la puntuación (PSM) y de riesgos proporcionales de Cox.
Principales resultados:
- La incidencia acumulada a 5 años de estrabismo fue del 18, 89% para el glaucoma primario y del 31, 39% para el glaucoma secundario.
- El glaucoma infantil aumentó significativamente el riesgo de estrabismo (aHR: 7,95 para el primario, 14,51 para el secundario) en comparación con los controles.
- La edad más joven en el diagnóstico (glaucoma secundario), el nistagmo, la ambliopía y la cirugía de glaucoma se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de estrabismo.
Conclusiones:
- El glaucoma infantil conlleva un riesgo significativamente mayor de desarrollar estrabismo.
- El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de afecciones asociadas como el nistagmo y la ambliopía son vitales.
- La cirugía de glaucoma también puede ser un factor de riesgo, lo que justifica una investigación adicional.
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