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El papel de los patrones de procesamiento sensorial en la salud mental en adultos sanos
Selma Ercan Doğu1, Selen Aydoner Bektaş2
1Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Health Sciences Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
The British journal of occupational therapy
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con sensibilidad sensorial y patrones de registro bajos muestran un mayor riesgo de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Las estrategias activas como la evitación sensorial pueden ofrecer protección contra problemas de salud mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- La neurociencia
- Terapia ocupacional
Sus antecedentes:
- Se reconocen diferencias individuales en el procesamiento sensorial.
- La evidencia emergente vincula las variaciones de procesamiento sensorial con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad mental.
- Comprender estos vínculos es crucial para las intervenciones de salud mental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los patrones de procesamiento sensorial y los resultados de salud mental.
- Explorar la relación entre el procesamiento sensorial y la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés en adultos sanos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal en el que participaron 341 adultos sanos (entre 18 y 60 años).
- Utilizó el Perfil Sensorial Adolescente/Adulto y la Escala de Estrés de Ansiedad y Depresión-21.
- También se recogieron datos sociodemográficos.
Principales resultados:
- La sensibilidad sensorial, el bajo registro y la evitación sensorial se correlacionaron positivamente con la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés.
- La sensibilidad sensorial mostró una correlación negativa con el estrés.
- La sensibilidad sensorial y el bajo registro predijeron depresión, ansiedad y estrés.
Conclusiones:
- Las estrategias de autorregulación pasiva (sensibilidad sensorial, bajo registro) pueden aumentar la vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad mental.
- Las estrategias activas de autorregulación (evitación sensorial, búsqueda sensorial) podrían ser protectoras.
- Los terapeutas ocupacionales pueden aprovechar las percepciones del procesamiento sensorial para el manejo de la salud mental, a la espera de nuevas investigaciones.
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