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¿Deberían los atletas japoneses someterse a una vacuna de refuerzo contra la tos ferina?
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
IJID regions
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La tos ferina está resurgiendo en todo el mundo, y Japón
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Inmunología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La tos ferina es una enfermedad respiratoria contagiosa causada por Bordetella pertussis.
- Se ha observado un resurgimiento global de la tos ferina, complicado por el aumento de cepas resistentes a los macrólidos.
- El programa de vacunación contra la tos ferina de Japón es menos completo que los estándares internacionales, lo que deja a las poblaciones jóvenes vulnerables.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar el mayor riesgo de tos ferina entre los atletas japoneses debido a las brechas de inmunización.
- Para subrayar el impacto de la tos persistente en el rendimiento deportivo y la salud del equipo.
- Para abogar por las vacunas de refuerzo contra la tos ferina en Japón, especialmente para los atletas de élite.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de los programas de inmunización contra la tos ferina en Japón frente a las normas internacionales.
- Revisión de las diferencias en el contenido de antígeno de la vacuna entre las vacunas japonesas e internacionales contra la tos ferina.
- Evaluación de los posibles efectos adversos y complicaciones de la estrategia de refuerzo.
Principales resultados:
- El limitado programa de vacunación contra la tos ferina de Japón, que carece de refuerzos para adolescentes, aumenta la vulnerabilidad de los atletas.
- La única vacuna disponible en Japón, DTaP (TRIBIK®), tiene concentraciones de antígeno más altas que las vacunas Tdap internacionales (ADACELTM, BOOSTRIX®).
- Las cargas de antígeno más altas en TRIBIK® pueden dar lugar a efectos adversos locales más graves, lo que complica las estrategias de refuerzo.
Conclusiones:
- Abordar la brecha de inmunización contra la tos ferina en Japón es crucial para proteger la salud y el rendimiento de los atletas.
- Es necesario considerar estrategias de refuerzo actualizadas y formulaciones de vacunas potencialmente alternativas.
- Alinear las políticas de Japón con las prácticas internacionales de inmunización es vital para la salud pública en los deportes globalizados.
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