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Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
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El vínculo entre los niveles de éxito en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios y la flexibilidad estratégica de
1Mathematics Department, Halil Inalcık Science and Art Center, Ministry of National Education, Bursa, Türkiye.
Frontiers in psychology
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Los estudiantes de cuarto grado dotados sobresalen en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios, con una flexibilidad estratégica que predice significativamente su éxito. Las estrategias clave incluyen dibujo, razonamiento y trabajo hacia atrás, destacando la importancia de seleccionar métodos apropiados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología cognitiva
- Psicología educativa
- Educación dotada
Sus antecedentes:
- Los problemas no rutinarios requieren habilidades cognitivas avanzadas más allá de la memorización.
- La flexibilidad estratégica, la capacidad de adaptar los enfoques de resolución de problemas, es crucial para las tareas complejas.
- Los estudiantes dotados a menudo demuestran habilidades superiores tanto en la resolución de problemas como en la flexibilidad cognitiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la flexibilidad estratégica y el éxito en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios entre estudiantes dotados de cuarto grado.
- Identificar estrategias específicas de resolución de problemas e indicadores de flexibilidad estratégica empleados por estos estudiantes.
- Determinar qué aspectos de la flexibilidad estratégica predicen significativamente el rendimiento en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de correlación que involucró a 165 estudiantes de cuarto grado con talento.
- Recopilación de datos mediante evaluaciones de la resolución no rutinaria de problemas y la flexibilidad estratégica.
- Análisis de regresión logística binaria para examinar la influencia de los indicadores de género y flexibilidad estratégica en el éxito.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudiantes dotados demostraron altos niveles de rendimiento tanto en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios como en la flexibilidad estratégica.
- Las estrategias más usadas fueron "dibujar figuras o diagramas", "razonar" y "trabajar hacia atrás".
- La capacidad de "seleccionar estrategias apropiadas" fue un predictor significativo del éxito en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios.
Conclusiones:
- Los estudiantes de cuarto grado dotados poseen fuertes habilidades no rutinarias de resolución de problemas y flexibilidad estratégica.
- La selección de estrategias eficaces es un factor clave para el éxito de los estudiantes dotados que se enfrentan a problemas complejos.
- El estudio subraya la importancia de fomentar la flexibilidad estratégica en los entornos educativos para los estudiantes dotados.
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