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Tendencias mundiales y desigualdades en la carga del cáncer de ojo: un análisis exhaustivo basado en el estudio de la
Jianhao Bai1, Zhongqi Wan2, Yan Gao3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in medicine
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La carga global del cáncer de ojo está aumentando, con disparidades significativas en la incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad entre países, grupos de edad y sexo. Las intervenciones específicas son cruciales para reducir la pérdida de visión y las muertes por cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oftalmología
- En el campo de la oncología
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer de ojo representa una amenaza significativa para la visión y la supervivencia debido a su ubicación, los desafíos de diagnóstico y la naturaleza agresiva.
- Los datos epidemiológicos mundiales sobre el cáncer de ojo, en particular las variaciones entre países, edad y sexo, siguen siendo poco estudiados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias mundiales del cáncer de ojo, incluida la incidencia, la prevalencia, la mortalidad y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY) de 1990 a 2021.
- Investigar las disparidades geográficas, sociodemográficas, de edad y relacionadas con el sexo en la carga global del cáncer de ojo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Estudio de la Carga Global de Enfermedades 2021 para 204 países (1990-2021).
- Las tasas estandarizadas por edad y las variaciones porcentuales anuales estimadas para evaluar las tendencias temporales.
- Se analizaron las disparidades por índice sociodemográfico (SDI), sexo y edad utilizando análisis de índice de concentración y pendiente.
Principales resultados:
- La incidencia y prevalencia global del cáncer de ojo aumentó de 1990 a 2021, con variaciones geográficas y sociodemográficas significativas.
- Se observó una mayor prevalencia e incidencia en las regiones desarrolladas, mientras que las zonas menos desarrolladas tenían una mayor carga de mortalidad y discapacidad.
- Las poblaciones de edad avanzada (≥65 años) soportaron la mayor carga, con los hombres generalmente mostrando una mayor incidencia/prevalencia y las mujeres en regiones con un bajo índice de mortalidad se enfrentan a una mortalidad desproporcionada.
Conclusiones:
- Existen importantes disparidades mundiales en la carga del cáncer de ojo, influenciadas por factores sociodemográficos, sexo y edad.
- La inversión urgente en infraestructura de diagnóstico y atención equitativa y sensible al sexo es esencial.
- Se necesitan intervenciones para reducir la pérdida de visión prevenible y la mortalidad por cáncer de ojo.
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