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Desarrollo de un plan de estudios y un programa de formación para los promotores de la salud comunitaria en las
Luisa Morales1,2, David A Velez-Maldonado1,2, Fernando J Rosario3,2
1Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
International journal of health promotion and education
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio desarrolló un plan de estudios de promoción de la salud comunitaria para Puerto Rico, capacitando a los líderes con habilidades esenciales. El programa aumentó con éxito el conocimiento de salud de los participantes, fomentando la resiliencia de la comunidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Salud de la Comunidad
- Disparidades en materia de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las comunidades vulnerables en Puerto Rico enfrentan desafíos agravados por desastres naturales, pandemias y migración.
- El Instituto Comunitario de Capacitación para las Disparidades en Salud (CTIHD, por sus siglas en inglés) identificó la necesidad de una formación específica para la promoción de la salud en la comunidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar e implementar un plan de estudios de promoción de la salud comunitaria para las poblaciones vulnerables en Puerto Rico.
- Empoderar a los líderes comunitarios con educación, conocimiento y habilidades de salud para abordar las necesidades de salud locales.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un modelo de aprendizaje basado en problemas y competencias para desarrollar dos cursos: Introducción a la promoción de la salud en la comunidad y Bienestar y promoción de la salud en la comunidad.
- Cada curso constaba de diez sesiones de tres horas con pruebas previas y posteriores y evaluaciones.
- Las estadísticas descriptivas y de tendencia central analizaron los datos de los participantes.
Principales resultados:
- Doce líderes de la comunidad participaron; 9 completaron el curso 1 (75% de retención) y 8 completaron el curso 2 (67% de retención).
- Se observó un aumento del 18% en el conocimiento después del Curso 1, y un aumento del 16% después del Curso 2.
- El plan de estudios demostró su eficacia a la hora de mejorar los conocimientos y las competencias de los participantes en materia de salud.
Conclusiones:
- El plan de estudios desarrollado equipa efectivamente a los líderes comunitarios con competencias para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades.
- Esta iniciativa mejora los recursos de la comunidad y capacita a los líderes locales para impulsar comportamientos positivos de salud.
- El programa es prometedor para mejorar los resultados de salud en las comunidades vulnerables afectadas por las crisis.
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