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Síndrome antifosfolípido desencadenado por infección: una visión general crítica
Svitlana Smiyan1, Ganna Kuzmina2, Olena Garmish3
1Department of Internal Medicine II, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Open access rheumatology : research and reviews
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
El síndrome antifosfolípido inducido por infección (SAI) implica coágulos sanguíneos durante las infecciones. Comprender sus causas únicas y los desafíos de diagnóstico es crucial para una mejor atención al paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Reumatología
- Enfermedades infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- El síndrome antifosfolípido (APS) está tradicionalmente relacionado con enfermedades autoinmunes.
- La SPA inducida por infección es un subconjunto emergente caracterizado por eventos trombóticos durante las infecciones.
- Este fenómeno no está bien definido, lo que requiere más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los conocimientos actuales sobre el SPA inducido por infección.
- Para explorar su patogénesis, características clínicas y dificultades de diagnóstico.
- Para resaltar la necesidad de criterios de diagnóstico estandarizados.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura.
- Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Medline y PubMed.
- Se analizaron 35 artículos en inglés publicados entre 2014 y mayo de 2025.
Principales resultados:
- Múltiples mecanismos vinculan las infecciones con el SPA, incluida la imitación molecular y la activación del sistema inmunológico.
- Las presentaciones clínicas varían, lo que complica la diferenciación de la positividad de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos transitorios (aPL).
- Los desafíos de diagnóstico surgen de los niveles fluctuantes de aPL y los síntomas superpuestos.
Conclusiones:
- La SPA inducida por la infección tiene una patogénesis compleja que involucra varias vías inmunológicas.
- Distinguir la positividad aPL relacionada con la infección de la verdadera APS es un desafío.
- Se necesitan criterios estandarizados para abordar la heterogeneidad temporal e inmunológica del SPA inducido por la infección.
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