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La organización espacial dentro de los nidos sociales del escarabajo ambrosia limita la propagación de enfermedades
Abolfazl Masoudi1, Ross A Joseph1, Nemat O Keyhani1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
iScience
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Los escarabajos Ambrosia se enfrentan a enfermedades infecciosas de Metarhizium anisopliae. La estructura del nido y los hongos simbióticos ayudan a proteger a las larvas y pupas de los escarabajos, asegurando la supervivencia de la colonia a pesar de la propagación de la enfermedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Entomología
- Microbiología
- Ecología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los escarabajos Ambrosia viven en colonias sociales dentro del xilema del árbol, lo que aumenta el riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades.
- Los hongos patógenos de los insectos representan una amenaza para estas colonias de insectos sociales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de la infección por Metarhizium anisopliae en los escarabajos Ambrosia (Xyleborus affinis).
- Para explorar los mecanismos de defensa a nivel de colonia contra las enfermedades infecciosas.
Principales métodos:
- Exponer las colonias de Xyleborus affinis al Metarhizium anisopliae.
- Monitoreo de la mortalidad de los escarabajos, la producción de crías y la distribución de hongos dentro de los nidos.
- Identificar y probar las propiedades antifúngicas de los hongos simbióticos.
Principales resultados:
- Metarhizium anisopliae infectó y mató a los adultos Xyleborus affinis.
- A pesar de la alta mortalidad de los adultos, las larvas y las pupas sobrevivieron, con individuos enfermos y hongos concentrados en el nido superior.
- Un hongo simbiótico llamado Neocosmospora sp. Xa1, inhibió el crecimiento de Metarhizium.
Conclusiones:
- La estructuración espacial dentro del nido y las interacciones microbianas son mecanismos clave de defensa a nivel de colonia.
- Estos mecanismos protegen contra la propagación de enfermedades infecciosas, promoviendo la supervivencia de la descendencia y la persistencia de la colonia.
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