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Suplementación de vitamina D en Arabia Saudita: conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes de las madres
Hanan F Alharbi1, Khulud Ahmad Rezq2
1Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
PeerJ
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La deficiencia de vitamina D es común en Arabia Saudita a pesar del sol. Este estudio encontró que las madres tenían poco conocimiento y prácticas con respecto a la suplementación de vitamina D (VIT D), aunque las actitudes eran positivas, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de mejorar la educación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Salud materna
Sus antecedentes:
- La deficiencia de vitamina D es un problema importante de salud pública en regiones tropicales como Arabia Saudita (KSA).
- La ingesta dietética limitada y las restricciones de exposición al sol contribuyen a la deficiencia generalizada de vitamina D (VIT D).
- Comprender las percepciones de las madres sobre la suplementación de VIT D es crucial para abordar la deficiencia en los niños.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el conocimiento, las prácticas y las actitudes de las madres con respecto a la suplementación de vitamina D (VIT D) para ellas mismas y sus hijos en KSA.
- Identificar los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos que influyen en las percepciones de las madres sobre la suplementación con VIT D.
- Informar sobre intervenciones específicas para mejorar el estado de VIT D en madres y niños pequeños.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio transversal de observación en KSA.
- Se reclutaron 200 madres con hijos menores de cinco años mediante muestreo de conveniencia.
- Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario distribuido a través de WhatsApp y Facebook y se analizaron utilizando SPSS.
Principales resultados:
- El 66,40% de las madres mostró un conocimiento deficiente de la vitamina D (VIT D) y su suplementación.
- Sólo el 22,95% reportó buenas prácticas, mientras que el 33,20% reportó malas prácticas.
- Se observó una actitud positiva significativa hacia la suplementación con VIT D (95%), con correlaciones encontradas entre factores socioeconómicos y conocimientos/prácticas/actitudes.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una brecha sustancial entre las actitudes positivas de las madres y sus conocimientos y prácticas sobre la suplementación con vitamina D (VIT D).
- Las intervenciones deben abordar los conocimientos y las prácticas deficientes, teniendo en cuenta la educación materna y la situación socioeconómica.
- Mejorar la comprensión materna de VIT D es vital para mejorar los resultados de salud infantil en KSA.
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