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Efectos de la privación del sueño en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca: una revisión sistemática y un
Suling Zhang1, Xiaodan Niu1, Jinke Ma1,2
1Department of Public Basic Teaching, Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts, Institute of Body-Medicine Integration, Xi'an, China.
Frontiers in neurology
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La privación del sueño deteriora la función autónoma cardíaca, disminuyendo los índices de variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco (HRV) como RMSSD y aumentando los indicadores de actividad simpática (LF, LF / HF). Esto sugiere un desequilibrio entre la actividad del sistema nervioso simpático y parasimpático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Neurociencia autónoma
- Medicina del sueño
Sus antecedentes:
- La privación del sueño es común en las profesiones exigentes y puede conducir a la desregulación del sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA).
- La desregulación del SNA está relacionada con enfermedades cardiovasculares, trastornos del estado de ánimo y deterioro cognitivo.
- La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VRC) es un indicador clave de la función del SNA y sus alteraciones se utilizan para estudiar los efectos de la privación del sueño.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y metaanalizar sistemáticamente los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) sobre el impacto de la privación del sueño en la VHR.
- Identificar los mecanismos de la disfunción autónoma cardíaca inducida por la privación del sueño.
- Informar las intervenciones del sueño y las estrategias de prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en las principales bases de datos (PubMed, Embase, etc.) de enero de 2010 a mayo de 2024.
- Evaluación metodológica de la calidad mediante la herramienta Cochrane Risk of Bias.
- Metaanálisis realizado con el Review Manager 5.4 y Stata 17.0.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron once ECA con 549 participantes.
- La privación del sueño disminuyó significativamente el RMSSD (dominio temporal) (p<0,05).
- La privación del sueño aumentó significativamente la LF y la LF/HF (dominio de frecuencia) (p<0,05), con una tendencia no significativa para la disminución de la HF.
Conclusiones:
- La privación del sueño parece perjudicar la función autónoma cardíaca, indicada por una disminución de la RMSSD y un aumento de la LF/HF.
- Los hallazgos sugieren predominio simpático y actividad parasimpática suprimida después de la privación del sueño.
- Se recomiendan protocolos estandarizados de medición de la VRC para futuras investigaciones para confirmar estos hallazgos y explorar los mecanismos.
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