Desafíos y complicaciones de la tenodesis carpiana trans-osseosa para los desgarros del ligamento escapulón
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Mikko P Räisänen1,2, Nicholas C Smith3, Fransisco Del Piñal4
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
Journal of hand and microsurgery
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La reconstrucción del ligamento escapulón utilizando técnicas transosseas presenta riesgos como la osteonecrosis y la insuficiencia del injerto. Las reparaciones modulares artroscópicas pueden ofrecer mejores resultados para la inestabilidad escápula con menos complicaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cirugía ortopédica
- Biomecánica
- Medicina del deporte
Sus antecedentes:
- La inestabilidad del escapulunato (SL) es una condición compleja que afecta la función de la muñeca y los resultados a largo plazo.
- Los métodos actuales de reconstrucción del ligamento escapulón transosseoso (SLL) tienen limitaciones y complicaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las limitaciones y complicaciones de las técnicas de reconstrucción trans-ossea de SLL.
- Comparar los métodos tradicionales con los enfoques modulares artroscópicos para la inestabilidad de SL.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis biomecánico del túnel escafoideo por tenodesis convencional de tres ligamentos (3LT).
- Revisiones de casos clínicos de técnicas transosseas y reparaciones artroscópicas.
- Evaluación de la viabilidad del injerto, la falla del anclaje y las funciones de los ligamentos extrínsecos.
Principales resultados:
- Los túneles escafoides 3LT convencionales corren el riesgo de una reconstrucción no isométrica, lo que podría empeorar la inestabilidad carpiana.
- Las técnicas transóseas conllevan riesgos de osteonecrosis, fractura y cambios degenerativos acelerados.
- Los enfoques artroscópicos modulares muestran una promesa de mejores resultados con menor morbilidad.
Conclusiones:
- La reconstrucción trans-ósea de SLL plantea riesgos significativos, incluida la lesión iatrogénica y la insuficiencia del injerto.
- Las técnicas artroscópicas modulares que se centran en la reparación selectiva del ligamento pueden ser superiores.
- La investigación futura debe dar prioridad a la preservación de la vascularidad ósea y minimizar el daño iatrogénico.
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