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Estimación de la trayectoria evolutiva a través de la simulación de replicación del gen del pico del coronavirus
Min Chan Kim1, Hye Ji Jung1, Seong Sik Jang1
1Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Computational and structural biotechnology journal
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio introduce una herramienta de simulación para modelar la evolución viral, mostrando cómo las mutaciones y la selección dan forma a la adaptación del virus. El modelo replicó con éxito los patrones de linaje viral del mundo real, ayudando a comprender la transmisión entre especies.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Biología computacional
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus evolucionan rápidamente a través de la mutación y la selección, lo que influye en la adaptación y la transmisión entre especies.
- Comprender estas dinámicas evolutivas es crucial para predecir el comportamiento viral y las amenazas a la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un marco de simulación con una interfaz gráfica para modelar la evolución viral.
- Investigar el impacto de la mutación aleatoria y la selección basada en la similitud en la adaptación viral.
- Explorar vías evolutivas virales plausibles y potenciales intermedios en el contagio zoonótico.
Principales métodos:
- Diseñó un marco de simulación con una interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI).
- Mecanismos de selección basados en la mutación aleatoria y la similitud.
- Evolución de la secuencia viral modelada hacia una secuencia objetivo por selección recursiva de secuencias similares top-N.
Principales resultados:
- Las simulaciones de la evolución del SARS-CoV-2 hacia Omicron (BA.1) mostraron trayectorias de similitud parecidas a una meseta.
- El aumento de las tasas de sustitución aceleró el logro de mesetas evolutivas.
- Las secuencias de picos intermedios generadas reflejaron los linajes virales del mundo real (por ejemplo, B, B.1.1.529, BA.1).
- El modelo replicó resultados evolutivos divergentes para PEDV bajo diferentes presiones de selección.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo simplificado proporciona información sobre las vías evolutivas virales y los posibles agentes intermedios de contagio zoonótico.
- El marco modela con éxito aspectos clave de la evolución viral, incluida la diversificación del linaje.
- Las mejoras futuras como la recombinación y la dinámica de la población podrían mejorar el poder predictivo.
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