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Inmunoterapia oral más segura con la introducción de dosis muy bajas para la alergia pediátrica al huevo de gallina
Fumi Ishikawa1, Yumiko Miyaji1, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada1
1Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Un nuevo método de inmunoterapia oral (OIT) que utiliza una dosis inicial muy baja mostró una seguridad mejorada y menos eventos adversos en niños con alergia al huevo de gallina (HE) en comparación con el OIT estándar. Este enfoque puede ofrecer una opción de tratamiento más segura para las alergias a HE.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Alergia e inmunología
- Alergias pediátricas
- La inmunoterapia
Sus antecedentes:
- Las reacciones adversas son un obstáculo significativo para la inmunoterapia oral (OIT) para la alergia al huevo de gallina (HE) en niños.
- Se necesitan métodos OIT más seguros para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y los resultados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de un nuevo protocolo de la OIT en niños con alergia a la HE.
- Comparar una dosis inicial muy baja de la terapia experimental (ET) con la terapia estándar (ST) para la OIT.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un ensayo controlado aleatorizado de fase II, doble ciego.
- Los participantes (1-18 años) con alergia a HE fueron asignados al azar a ET (dosis inicial muy baja) o ST (dosis de mantenimiento fija).
- Resultado primario de seguridad: días hasta la primera reacción de tipo inmediato mediada por IgE; resultado de eficacia: cambio en la dosis tolerada acumulada (DTC).
Principales resultados:
- El estudio se terminó prematuramente, pero mostró un tiempo significativamente más largo para la primera reacción en el grupo ET (P = 0,033).
- El grupo de ET experimentó una menor tasa de eventos adversos, lo que potencialmente mejora la adherencia al tratamiento.
- La eficacia, medida por el cambio en la DTC, no pudo compararse entre los grupos.
Conclusiones:
- OIT utilizando una dosis inicial muy baja parece ser un enfoque más seguro para los niños con alergias a HE.
- Este método puede reducir la carga del tratamiento y mejorar la tolerabilidad de los pacientes pediátricos.
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