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Mortalidad relacionada con la neumonía y la diabetes: un estudio retrospectivo

Krithika V¹, Dency D Mavani², Diya V Patel²

¹Internal Medicine, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, IND.

|September 2, 2025

Resumen

Las muertes por neumonía relacionadas con la diabetes mellitus (DM) aumentaron inicialmente, luego disminuyeron significativamente entre 2002 y 2018. El tratamiento integrado de la DM y la prevención de la neumonía son cruciales para reducir la mortalidad en las poblaciones en riesgo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Epidemiología
Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

La neumonía es una de las principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial.
La interacción entre la neumonía y la diabetes mellitus (DM) requiere más investigación.
La comprensión de esta asociación es clave para las intervenciones de salud pública específicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar las tendencias de mortalidad y las disparidades demográficas en las muertes por neumonía en las que la DM fue un factor contribuyente.
Utilizó la base de datos de múltiples causas de muerte (MCD) de los CDC (1999-2020).

Principales métodos:

Estudio observacional retrospectivo de adultos estadounidenses (≥25 años) de 1999 a 2020.
Las muertes analizadas con neumonía (ICD-10: J18) como causa subyacente y DM (ICD-10: E10-E14) como causa contribuyente.
Tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad (TMA) y cambio porcentual anual (CPA) por grupos demográficos y localización.

Principales resultados:

Se analizaron un total de 59.291 muertes.
La mortalidad por neumonía con DM aumentó entre 1999 y 2002 (APC 3,90%), luego disminuyó entre 2002 y 2018 (APC -4,56%).
Las muertes son más frecuentes en mujeres (51.1%), personas blancas (82.0%), en áreas metropolitanas (79.5%) e instalaciones médicas (70.9%).

Conclusiones:

La gestión integrada de la DM y las estrategias de prevención de la neumonía son esenciales.
La vacunación dirigida y el tratamiento rápido de las infecciones respiratorias pueden reducir la mortalidad en los grupos de alto riesgo.
Destaca la necesidad de estrategias de salud pública que aborden las enfermedades concomitantes.

Palabras clave:

tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad Cdc y cdc En el caso de la diabetes mellitus En el caso de los Enfermedad pulmonar estudio retrospectivo

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