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Impacto de los medicamentos sistémicos en la salud bucal: un estudio transversal entre pacientes geriátricos
Avina Kharat1, Omkar Prasad Baidya2, Sourav Hambirrao Choudhari3
1Department of Pharmacology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Hospital, Indore, IND.
Cureus
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Los medicamentos sistémicos comunes en adultos mayores pueden causar problemas significativos de salud bucal como sequedad bucal e infecciones. Se necesita una mejor colaboración y concienciación para mejorar la atención de los pacientes geriátricos en polifarmacia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina para la edad avanzada
- Salud bucal
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento de la población experimenta el aumento de las enfermedades crónicas, lo que requiere medicamentos sistémicos y conduce a la polifarmacia en los ancianos.
- Los efectos adversos para la salud bucal de estos medicamentos esenciales a menudo se pasan por alto y no se investigan lo suficiente.
- Los pacientes geriátricos enfrentan desafíos complejos debido a cambios fisiológicos, polifarmacia y enfermedades sistémicas que afectan el cuidado bucal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la literatura y los datos de observación sobre el impacto de los medicamentos sistémicos en la salud bucal en las poblaciones de edad avanzada.
- Identificar las principales manifestaciones orales asociadas con el uso sistémico de fármacos en pacientes geriátricos.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de mejorar la concienciación y las estrategias de atención integradas.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de la literatura de las investigaciones actuales.
- Análisis de los datos transversales de las observaciones.
- Evaluación de los medicamentos sistémicos comúnmente recetados y sus efectos secundarios orales.
Principales resultados:
- Los problemas orales comunes incluyen xerostomía, crecimiento excesivo de las encías, ulceraciones de la mucosa, osteonecrosis de la mandíbula relacionada con medicamentos (MRONJ), sangrado, alteraciones del sabor e infecciones.
- La polifarmacia y los cambios relacionados con la edad exacerban los problemas de salud bucal y la morbilidad.
- Se observó un énfasis limitado en los efectos secundarios orales en las directrices y escasos datos específicos para la geriatría.
Conclusiones:
- La colaboración interdisciplinaria entre los profesionales médicos y dentales es crucial.
- Es esencial un examen exhaustivo de la salud bucal geriátrica y una mayor sensibilización de los médicos.
- Un enfoque integrado puede mejorar la calidad de vida y la salud bucal de los pacientes de edad avanzada que reciben farmacoterapia a largo plazo.
Palabras clave:
Envejecimiento de la poblaciónsalud bucal geriátricala polifarmaciamedicamentos sistémicosLa jerostomíaMás Videos Relacionados
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