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Desde los indicadores de prescripción hasta el uso racional de las drogas: una perspectiva de seguridad de los
Muhammad Farooq Anwar1, Nur Aizati Athirah Daud1, Rabia Hussain1
1Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, Malaysia.
Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
Los indicadores de prescripción de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) pueden mejorar el uso racional de los medicamentos y la seguridad del paciente. La adaptación de estas herramientas con datos cualitativos y capacitación es clave para las prácticas de medicamentos globales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Farmacoeconomía
- Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso irracional de medicamentos es un desafío de salud mundial, que conduce a errores, reacciones adversas y aumento de los costos.
- Los países de ingresos bajos y medios se enfrentan a importantes problemas de prescripción debido a la regulación subdesarrollada y las limitaciones de recursos.
- La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desarrolló indicadores básicos de prescripción para abordar estos problemas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar el potencial de los indicadores de prescripción de la OMS para promover el uso racional de los medicamentos.
- Resaltar el papel de estos indicadores en la mejora de la seguridad del paciente y la prescripción basada en la evidencia.
- Examinar la utilidad de los indicadores de la OMS en los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
Principales métodos:
- Esto es un comentario narrativo, no un estudio empírico.
- Análisis de las cinco áreas clave de los indicadores de prescripción de la OMS: polifarmacia, uso de antibióticos, uso inyectable, prescripción genérica y cumplimiento de las listas de medicamentos esenciales.
- Discusión de las ventajas y limitaciones de los indicadores de prescripción de la OMS.
Principales resultados:
- Los indicadores de prescripción de la OMS ofrecen información valiosa sobre las prácticas de prescripción, especialmente en entornos con recursos limitados.
- Estos indicadores están en consonancia con la iniciativa de la OMS "Medicación sin daños".
- Las limitaciones incluyen no capturar datos de prescripción y utilidad subyacentes en entornos especializados.
Conclusiones:
- Los indicadores de prescripción de la OMS son una herramienta valiosa para promover el uso racional de los medicamentos y la seguridad del paciente.
- Los esfuerzos futuros deben centrarse en la adaptación de estos indicadores mediante evaluaciones cualitativas y una recopilación exhaustiva de datos.
- Las intervenciones de capacitación específicas son esenciales para garantizar prácticas de medicación seguras, efectivas y equitativas a nivel mundial.
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