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La senescencia celular en el cáncer colorrectal: su aparición, efecto y tratamiento
Yabing Liang1,2, Miao Wang3, Xianjue Wang1
1Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Frontiers in oncology
|September 2, 2025
Resumen
La senescencia celular, un estado de detención del ciclo celular estable, juega un doble papel en el cáncer colorrectal (CRC). Dirigirse a las células senescentes ofrece una estrategia prometedora para superar la resistencia a los medicamentos y prevenir la recurrencia de la CCR.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Biología celular
- Investigación del cáncer
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer colorrectal sigue siendo una de las principales causas de mortalidad por cáncer en todo el mundo.
- Si bien las terapias dirigidas mejoran la eficacia del tratamiento de la CCR, persisten la resistencia a los medicamentos y las altas tasas de recurrencia.
- La senescencia celular, un estado de detención del ciclo celular irreversible, influye en la progresión del tumor y la resistencia al tratamiento en el CCR.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los factores que inducen la senescencia celular en el cáncer colorrectal.
- Explorar el papel de las células tumorales y estomales senescentes en la progresión de la CCR y la resistencia al tratamiento.
- Discutir estrategias para dirigirse a las células senescentes en el tratamiento del CCR.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre los factores endógenos y exógenos que causan la senescencia celular en el CCR.
- Análisis de las características de las células senescentes, incluida la señalización antiapoptótica, las alteraciones metabólicas y el fenotipo secretor asociado a la senescencia (SASP).
- Examen de las funciones de las células senescentes en el desarrollo de la CCR, la resistencia al tratamiento y la recurrencia.
Principales resultados:
- La senescencia puede actuar como una barrera para la progresión del CCR, pero también contribuye a la resistencia al tratamiento a través de SASP.
- Las células tumorales y estomales senescentes afectan el microambiente del CRC, influyendo en los resultados terapéuticos.
- Dirigirse a las células senescentes, explotando sus características únicas, presenta una posible vía terapéutica.
Conclusiones:
- Las células senescentes son parte integral de la biología del cáncer colorrectal y la respuesta al tratamiento.
- La comprensión del doble papel de la senescencia es crucial para el desarrollo de terapias efectivas de CRC.
- El agotamiento de las células senescentes puede ofrecer una nueva estrategia para combatir la recurrencia y la metástasis del CCR.
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