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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Las transiciones de fase cuántica continuas de orden a orden desde la aniquilación de punto fijo

David Jonas Moser1, Lukas Janssen1

  • 1TU Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Dresden, 01062, GERMANY.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Introducimos un nuevo mecanismo para las transiciones de fase cuántica continua, independiente de la fraccionamiento. Este proceso implica la colisión y aniquilación de los puntos fijos del grupo de renormalización, lo que permite las transiciones de orden a orden en varios sistemas físicos.

Palabras clave:
Aniquilación de punto fijoLos semimetales de Luttingeraislante topológico nemáticoIridatos de pirocloroLa criticidad cuánticaLas semimetales de Weyl

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Teoría del campo cuántico
  • Mecánica estadística

Sus antecedentes:

  • La fraccionarización es un concepto clave en las transiciones de fase más allá de la teoría de Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson.
  • Las transiciones de fase cuánticas continuas a menudo involucran fraccionamiento y campos de medida emergentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proponer un nuevo mecanismo para las transiciones de fase cuántica de orden a orden continuo.
  • Demostrar la independencia de este mecanismo de la fraccionamiento.
  • Identificar los sistemas físicos potenciales donde este mecanismo puede manifestarse.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis del grupo de renormalización.
  • Investigando las colisiones de punto fijo y la aniquilación.
  • Reorganización topológica de los diagramas de flujo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se propone un mecanismo basado en la colisión y aniquilación de puntos fijos.
  • Este mecanismo conduce a transiciones de orden a orden sin fraccionamiento.
  • Un ejemplo específico es la transición entre los semimetales antiferromagnéticos de Weyl y los aislantes topológicos nemáticos.

Conclusiones:

  • El mecanismo de aniquilación de punto fijo propuesto ofrece una nueva ruta para las transiciones de fase cuántica continua.
  • Este mecanismo es aplicable a diversos sistemas físicos, incluidos los sistemas de fermiones de Luttinger y los iridatos de pirocloro de tierras raras.
  • Se destacan las posibles observaciones experimentales en materiales como R2Ir2O7.