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Riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino y distribución de tipos de VPH de alto riesgo en Arabia Saudita: tendencias de un

Hamsa J Banjer¹, Hossam H Tayeb¹, Khalid J Alzahrani¹

¹From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Banjer, Alzahrani), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Department of Histopathology (Alsufiani), King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif. From the Nanomedicine Unit (Tayeb), Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Tayeb), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. From the Department of Pathology (Alrowaihi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi medical journal

|September 2, 2025

Resumen

La prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en Arabia Saudita muestra diferencias regionales y de edad significativas. Los genotipos no 16/18 son comunes, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de estrategias de prevención y vigilancia específicas para el cáncer de cuello uterino.

Área de la Ciencia:

En el campo de la oncología
Virología
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Las infecciones por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) de alto riesgo son la principal causa de cáncer de cuello uterino en todo el mundo.
Comprender la distribución y la prevalencia del genotipo del VPH es crucial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar la distribución de los genotipos del VPH en Arabia Saudita.
Identificar las tendencias regionales y las anomalías citológicas asociadas con las infecciones por VPH.
Informar las estrategias de prevención y detección del cáncer de cuello uterino en la región.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio retrospectivo basado en el laboratorio nacional analizó 9.096 registros médicos desde 2016 hasta 2024.
Se realizaron pruebas simultáneas de ADN del VPH y citología en 6.005 pacientes.
Se evaluó la distribución del genotipo del VPH, las tendencias temporales y las variaciones geográficas.

Principales resultados:

La tasa de positividad del VPH fue del 13,84%, siendo significativos el VPH-16 (25,11%) y el VPH-18 (7,55%), junto con otras cepas de alto riesgo (67,34%).
La positividad del VPH alcanzó su punto máximo en el grupo de edad de 30 a 39 años y aumentó del 5,62% en 2016 al 13,33% en 2024.
Jeddah (33,7%) y Riad (32,25%) mostraron la mayor positividad; el 13,41% de las muestras citológicas tenían lesiones precancerosas y el 0,64% tenían lesiones cancerosas.

Conclusiones:

En Arabia Saudita existen diferencias regionales y de edad significativas en la prevalencia del VPH, con un predominio de los genotipos no 16/18.
La amplia cobertura de vacunas, la vigilancia continua del genotipo y el cribado regional adaptado son vitales para reducir la carga del cáncer cervical.
Es importante realizar pruebas simultáneas de ADN y citología del VPH, ya que el 19,37% de los casos positivos al VPH presentaron una citología normal.

Palabras clave:

Genotipos del VPH Prueba de detección del VPH El VPH-16 El VPH-18 Arabia Saudí cáncer de cuello uterino Prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino citología Distribución del genotipo virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo

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