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Marcos para la descripción de las desigualdades en salud en la investigación observacional de salud pública: un

Matylda Buczkowska¹, Lauren Herlitz², Kate Lewis³

¹Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK zcbtucz@ucl.ac.uk.

|September 2, 2025

Resumen

Esta revisión de alcance identifica y evalúa los marcos para integrar las desigualdades en salud en los estudios observacionales. Su objetivo es orientar a los investigadores en el desarrollo de metodologías de investigación en salud pública más equitativas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Investigación en salud pública
Estudios de equidad en salud
Métodos epidemiológicos

Sus antecedentes:

Los estudios de observación son cruciales para las tendencias y las políticas de salud de la población.
Muchos estudios pasan por alto las desigualdades en salud, lo que potencialmente empeora las disparidades.
Falta una visión global de los marcos para integrar las desigualdades en la salud en la investigación observacional.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar, describir y evaluar críticamente los marcos existentes.
Evaluar los marcos que incorporan explícitamente las desigualdades de salud en los estudios observacionales.
Informar sobre las mejores prácticas para incorporar consideraciones sobre la desigualdad en la salud en la investigación.

Principales métodos:

Revisión del alcance siguiendo las directrices PRISMA-ScR.
Las búsquedas a través de seis bases de datos (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health, CINAHL) y la literatura gris.
Dos revisores independientes para el cribado y la evaluación de la elegibilidad, y un tercer revisor para las discrepancias.

Principales resultados:

Síntesis narrativa de los hallazgos de los marcos identificados.
Evaluación crítica de las fortalezas y limitaciones de cada marco.
Mapeo de los marcos existentes para la integración de las desigualdades en salud.

Conclusiones:

Esta revisión ofrece un mapa completo de los marcos existentes.
Informa a los investigadores sobre las mejores prácticas para el diseño de estudios observacionales equitativos.
Apoya el desarrollo de metodologías de investigación en salud pública más equitativas.

Palabras clave:

Epidemiología Equidad en salud Estudio por observación Salud Pública El examen sistemático

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