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La priorización cortical competitiva surge para los objetos entrenados durante el primer año de vida
Maeve R Boylan1, Anna-Lena Tebbe1, Jamie Newland1
1Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 32611.
Resumen
El reconocimiento de objetos de los bebés mejora con la edad a medida que los objetos aprendidos obtienen prioridad de atención sobre los nuevos. Este estudio muestra que la experiencia da forma a las respuestas de la corteza visual, mejorando las habilidades de reconocimiento en el primer año de vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia del desarrollo
- Psicología cognitiva
- Percepción visual
Sus antecedentes:
- El reconocimiento de objetos es vital en la infancia, pero la neurofisiología subyacente no está clara.
- La experiencia visual temprana da forma a la priorización de la atención.
- Comprender el desarrollo del cerebro infantil es clave para la ciencia cognitiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo el entrenamiento de los bebés con objetos nuevos afecta las respuestas visuales.
- Probar si el entrenamiento con objetos crea una ventaja competitiva para el procesamiento de estímulos entrenados.
- Examinar los cambios relacionados con la edad en el procesamiento visual y el sesgo de atención.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal de 51 niños (de 6, 9, 12 meses) y padres.
- Los bebés interactuaban con nuevos objetos a través de los libros.
- La electroencefalografía (EEG) midió potenciales evocados visuales de estado estacionario (ssVEPs) a objetos entrenados frente a objetos no entrenados.
Principales resultados:
- Las respuestas visuocorticales mostraron una competencia dependiente de la edad entre objetos entrenados y no entrenados.
- Las respuestas a los objetos entrenados aumentaron, mientras que las respuestas a los objetos no entrenados disminuyeron con la edad.
- Un sesgo que favorece a los objetos entrenados surgió a los 9 meses, fortaleciéndose a los 12 meses.
Conclusiones:
- La experiencia con objetos impulsa la priorización selectiva de los recursos de la corteza visual en los bebés.
- Las interacciones neuronales competitivas apoyan el desarrollo del reconocimiento de objetos.
- Los sesgos de atención se forman por el aprendizaje temprano de objetos en el cerebro infantil.
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