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La psicopatología infantil predice el desarrollo de la actividad cerebral relacionada con errores en la adolescencia
Elise M Adams1, Aline K Szenczy1, Mariah T Hawes2
1Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, USA.
Development and psychopathology
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
La negatividad relacionada con el error (ERN) aumenta a lo largo de la adolescencia. Los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en la infancia predicen esta trayectoria de desarrollo neuronal en la edad adulta temprana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Psiquiatría infantil
Sus antecedentes:
- La evidencia longitudinal muestra que la negatividad relacionada con el error (ERN) aumenta durante la adolescencia.
- Investigaciones anteriores vinculan la ansiedad a una ERN más grande y la depresión a una ERN más pequeña.
- El impacto de la psicopatología infantil en el desarrollo de la ERN en los adolescentes sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar longitudinalmente la trayectoria de desarrollo de la ERN durante la adolescencia.
- Investigar si los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en la infancia predicen el desarrollo de ERN.
- Para entender la relación entre la psicopatología temprana y la maduración neural.
Principales métodos:
- 317 niñas de entre 8 y 14 años completaron una tarea de flanqueo al inicio y seguimientos de 2 y 5 años.
- El modelado de crecimiento multinivel analizó la trayectoria de la ERN a través de la adolescencia.
- La ansiedad generalizada autoinformada en la infancia, la ansiedad social y los síntomas de depresión fueron predictores iniciales.
Principales resultados:
- La ERN mostró un aumento lineal desde la infancia tardía hasta la edad adulta temprana en promedio.
- Una mayor ansiedad infantil (generalizada y social) se asoció con un aumento más pronunciado de ERN.
- Los síntomas de depresión infantil más bajos se relacionaron con una trayectoria de ERN más pronunciada.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio proporciona apoyo longitudinal para el aumento de la ERN durante la adolescencia.
- La psicopatología infantil, específicamente la ansiedad y la depresión, se asocia con el desarrollo neuronal relacionado con los errores de la adolescencia.
- La salud mental temprana influye en la maduración neuronal en la edad adulta temprana.
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