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Sarcopenia en pacientes críticos - relación entre mortalidad, nutrición y actividad funcional: estudio prospectivo de
Hatice Ağir1,2, Nazire Ateş3
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Şanliurfa Education and Research Hospital, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
Medicine
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
La sarcopenia, una pérdida de masa y función muscular común en pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), se puede evaluar mediante ultrasonido. El grosor del músculo cuádriceps se correlaciona con la nutrición, la fragilidad y la actividad diaria, lo que ayuda al seguimiento del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de cuidados intensivos
- Enfermedad de los ancianos
- Ciencias de la nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- La sarcopenia, caracterizada por la pérdida de masa y función muscular, es frecuente en pacientes de cuidados intensivos (UCI).
- La identificación temprana de la sarcopenia es crucial para el manejo de los resultados en individuos críticamente enfermos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la sarcopenia y la mortalidad, la nutrición, la debilidad y la actividad funcional en pacientes de UCI.
- Evaluar la utilidad de la medición ultrasónica del grosor del músculo cuádriceps en la evaluación de estos parámetros.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que participaron 51 pacientes de UCI sometidos a medición ultrasonográfica del grosor del músculo cuádriceps.
- Se realizó un análisis de correlación entre el grosor muscular y las puntuaciones clínicas incluyendo APACHE II, SOFA, NRS2002, NUTRIC, SARC-F, KATZ y Lawton-Brody.
Principales resultados:
- El grosor del músculo recto femoral (RF) mostró correlaciones negativas con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson, NUTRIC, NRS2002 y las puntuaciones SARC-F.
- El grosor del músculo RF demostró correlaciones positivas con las puntuaciones de KATZ y Lawton-Brody.
- El grosor del músculo vasto intermedio (VI) se correlacionó negativamente con las puntuaciones de NRS2002 y SARC-F, y positivamente con la puntuación de KATZ.
Conclusiones:
- La medición ultrasónica del grosor del músculo cuádriceps es una herramienta valiosa para monitorear el estado nutricional, la fragilidad y las actividades de la vida diaria en pacientes de UCI.
- Este método ayuda a evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad y a orientar el manejo del paciente en el entorno de cuidados intensivos.
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