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El aparato de mordedura de lengua destaca la innovación funcional en un pez con aletas de rayos de 310 millones de
Sam Giles1,2, Matthew Kolmann3, Matt Friedman2,4,5
1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Biology letters
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
La mordedura de lengua más antigua conocida de un actinóptero, originaria de las estructuras de las branquias, ha sido identificada en †Platysomus parvulus del período Carbonífero. Este hallazgo revela innovaciones tempranas en la alimentación de los peces antiguos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología
- Ictiología
- Morfología funcional
Sus antecedentes:
- Las modificaciones del esqueleto de las branquias son innovaciones clave en la alimentación de peces con aletas de rayas.
- La evolución de estructuras de alimentación especializadas como las mordeduras de lengua es crucial para comprender las adaptaciones dietéticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar y describir la mordedura de lengua actinopterigiana más antigua conocida.
- Para investigar los orígenes evolutivos del aparato de mordedura de la lengua en los primeros peces con aletas de rayos.
- Para analizar el mecanismo de alimentación de †Platysomus parvulus.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis fósil de ejemplares de Platysomus parvulus.
- Osteología comparativa de los actinópteros fósiles y existentes.
- Entre paréntesis filogenéticas para inferir la morfología funcional.
Principales resultados:
- La mordedura de lengua actinopterigiana más antigua, derivada del esqueleto branquial, se describe en †Platysomus parvulus (Pennsylvanian medio).
- Esta antigua mordedura de lengua es estructuralmente distinta de las de las especies existentes e involucra una placa dental basibranquial opuesta a un campo dental vomerino.
- La presencia de mandíbulas dentadas junto a la placa basibranquial sugiere un doble papel en el procesamiento de presas.
- La evolución del aparato de mordedura de la lengua se rastrea dentro de los actinópteros del Carbonífero, que preceden a estructuras de alimentación similares en otros linajes.
Conclusiones:
- El descubrimiento de la mordedura de la lengua de Platysomus parvulus retrasa el origen de esta innovación alimentaria al período Carbonífero.
- Este hallazgo apoya un modelo prolongado de diversificación actinopterigiana después de la extinción de finales del Devónico.
- El estudio pone de relieve el papel importante de las modificaciones del esqueleto branquial en la evolución de las estrategias de alimentación en los primeros peces con aletas de rayas.
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