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Efectos de la población humana y los árboles forestales en el ciclo hidrológico: un estudio basado en modelos
Gauri Agrawal1, Alok Kumar Agrawal1, Arvind Kumar Misra2
1Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, India.
Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
El aumento de la población humana interrumpe el ciclo hidrológico al reducir los árboles forestales y la formación de nubes. La reforestación con especies de alta transpiración puede restaurar las precipitaciones y el equilibrio ecológico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ecología
- Hidrología
Sus antecedentes:
- El crecimiento de la población humana conduce a una mayor demanda de recursos, causando deforestación.
- La transpiración forestal juega un papel crucial en la formación de nubes de vapor, influyendo en los patrones de lluvia.
- Las actividades antropogénicas tienen un impacto negativo en los procesos naturales de formación de nubes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para modelar la interrupción del ciclo hidrológico causado por el crecimiento de la población humana.
- Analizar los efectos duales de la reducción de la cubierta forestal y la disminución de la formación de nubes.
- Proponer estrategias de mitigación para restablecer el equilibrio ecológico.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un modelo matemático determinista que analiza la relación entre la población humana, la silvicultura y la formación de nubes.
- Análisis cualitativo para demostrar la viabilidad y la estabilidad de las soluciones de equilibrio del modelo.
- Extensión del modelo determinista a un marco estocástico para incorporar las fluctuaciones ambientales.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento de la población humana se correlaciona con la disminución de las precipitaciones y la densidad de los árboles forestales.
- Las iniciativas de reforestación, especialmente con especies de árboles de alta transpiración, pueden contrarrestar la disminución de las precipitaciones.
- La densidad forestal óptima se logra cuando se maximiza la utilidad de las precipitaciones y la formación natural de nubes.
Conclusiones:
- Las actividades humanas interrumpen significativamente el ciclo hidrológico, afectando las precipitaciones y la cubierta forestal.
- Las prácticas sostenibles, incluida la reforestación, son esenciales para mitigar los efectos adversos y restablecer el equilibrio.
- Comprender la interacción entre la población humana, los bosques y la dinámica de las nubes es clave para una gestión ambiental eficaz.
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