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Medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados en adultos mayores que reciben atención médica en el hogar
Yukari Hattori1, Taro Kojima2, Hironobu Hamaya3
1Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Annals of geriatric medicine and research
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
Los medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados (PIM) son comunes en los adultos mayores dependientes de cuidados que reciben atención médica en el hogar. La revisión cuidadosa de la medicación es crucial, especialmente para las personas con discapacidades, para reducir los riesgos de hospitalización.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Farmacología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La atención médica en el hogar es esencial para las poblaciones que envejecen.
- Los medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados (PIM) presentan riesgos para los adultos mayores.
- Comprender la prevalencia de la PIM en los ancianos confinados en el hogar es fundamental para la seguridad del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar las características demográficas de los adultos mayores dependientes de cuidados que reciben atención médica en el hogar.
- Evaluar la asociación entre las recetas de PIM y la hospitalización o la muerte en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de los datos de reclamaciones de seguro de salud de adultos mayores (≥65 años) en la ciudad de Kure, Japón.
- Se incluyen datos demográficos, diagnósticos, necesidades de cuidados a largo plazo y perfiles de medicación.
- Análisis estadístico utilizando regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados con la hospitalización y la muerte, con PIM definidos por los criterios STOPP-J.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron 2052 participantes (edad media de 86,5 años, 71,7% mujeres).
- La prevalencia de PIM aumentó con mayores necesidades de LTC (hasta el 26,0%).
- El número de medicamentos, los PIM y los niveles moderados de atención se relacionaron con un mayor riesgo de ingreso hospitalario.
Conclusiones:
- Los medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados prevalecen en los adultos mayores confinados en el hogar.
- El nivel de discapacidad y la polifarmacia se asocian con tasas de hospitalización más altas.
- Se recomiendan revisiones periódicas de la medicación para esta población vulnerable.
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