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Aplicación de un marco científico de implementación a las órdenes de protección contra riesgos extremos

Lisa B Geller1, Spencer M Cantrell1

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Las órdenes de protección contra riesgos extremos (ERPOs) son una herramienta crucial para reducir la violencia armada. La evaluación de su aplicación utilizando el marco de Proctor revela éxitos y áreas de mejora para salvar vidas.

Palabras clave:
orden de protección contra riesgos extremosviolencia con armas de fuegopolítica de saludsalud públicaLey de la bandera rojala prevención de la violencia

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud pública
  • Criminología
  • Ciencias de la aplicación de políticas

Sus antecedentes:

  • La violencia armada sigue siendo una importante crisis de salud pública en los EE.UU.
  • Las órdenes de protección contra riesgos extremos (ERPOs) son políticas basadas en evidencia promulgadas en 21 estados y DC después de 2018 para abordar la violencia con armas de fuego.
  • Los ERPO proporcionan un marco legal para restringir temporalmente el acceso a las armas de fuego para las personas que muestran comportamientos peligrosos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de las órdenes de protección contra riesgos extremos (ERPOs) utilizando Proctor et al. La aplicación del marco científico.
  • Identificar los éxitos y las lagunas en la implementación de ERPO en varios estados.
  • Proporcionar recomendaciones para mejorar la aplicación de ERPO para una mayor eficacia.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizado por Proctor y otros. El marco científico de implementación de 8 componentes (adopción, aceptabilidad, adecuación, costo, viabilidad, fidelidad, penetración y sostenibilidad).
  • Examinó la implementación de ERPO a través de la lente de cada componente del marco.
  • Análisis de las prácticas prometedoras de los estados con leyes ERPO existentes.

Principales resultados:

  • La adopción de ERPO es fundamental para su implementación; las leyes suelen ser aprobadas cuando los legisladores y el público las consideran aceptables.
  • Los ERPO son una herramienta política adecuada para la prevención de la violencia armada.
  • La viabilidad puede ser mejorada mediante la mitigación de los costos; la mayoría de los ERPO demuestran fidelidad a su misión y han penetrado en la infraestructura estatal.
  • Las prácticas prometedoras ponen de relieve las vías para sostener las leyes ERPO a través de financiación y apoyo dedicados.

Conclusiones:

  • La aplicación sólida de las ERPO, guiada por prácticas prometedoras y un marco global, es esencial para el éxito.
  • Abordar las lagunas en la aplicación puede aumentar la eficacia de las ERPO en la lucha contra la violencia armada.
  • La implementación exitosa de ERPO tiene el potencial de salvar vidas al reducir los daños relacionados con las armas de fuego.