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[Caso clínico de obstrucción de las vías respiratorias superiores, disfagia causada por hiperostosis esquelética

V I Egorov¹, A O Kochneva¹, M V Gerasimenko¹

¹Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia.

Vestnik otorinolaringologii

|September 3, 2025

Resumen

La hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa (DISH), una enfermedad degenerativa musculoesquelética, causa calcificación de los ligamentos, especialmente en hombres mayores. El tratamiento quirúrgico se centra en la eliminación de los osteófitos, pero los casos graves pueden requerir traqueotomía o tubos de alimentación.

Área de la Ciencia:

La ortopedia
Reumatología
Enfermedades degenerativas

Sus antecedentes:

La hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa (DISH), también conocida como enfermedad de Forestier, es una afección degenerativa distrófica no inflamatoria.
Afecta principalmente al sistema musculoesquelético, caracterizado por la calcificación de los ligamentos y tendones, especialmente el ligamento longitudinal anterior.
DISH es raro y se observa predominantemente en hombres mayores de 60 años.

Objetivo del estudio:

Describir las manifestaciones clínicas y el tratamiento del DISH que afecta a la columna cervical.
Para resaltar los objetivos quirúrgicos y las posibles intervenciones para los casos graves.

Principales métodos:

Este resumen describe una condición clínica basada en sus características conocidas y la presentación típica del paciente.
En él se describen los síntomas comunes y los métodos de tratamiento estándar.

Principales resultados:

La participación de la columna cervical en DISH puede provocar dolor de cuello, rigidez, disfagia y disnea.
La intervención quirúrgica tiene como objetivo eliminar los complejos osteofíticos que causan la compresión.

Conclusiones:

DISH es una condición degenerativa con implicaciones significativas para la columna cervical.
Las estrategias de manejo van desde la extirpación quirúrgica de los osteófitos hasta medidas de apoyo como la traqueostomía o la colocación de un tubo nasogástrico en escenarios de compresión severa.

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad de los silvicultores Estenosis laríngea aguda Hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa La espondilosis Obstrucción de las vías respiratorias superiores

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