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Poblaciones de minorías sexuales y disparidades en la atención de la salud cardiovascular
Yashika Sharma1, Omar Deraz2, Catherine Meads3
1University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, CT, USA.
European heart journal
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
Las personas de minorías sexuales (MS) se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) debido a los factores estresantes de la minoría. Abordar estas disparidades requiere comprender los mecanismos subyacentes y mejorar la atención cardiovascular para las poblaciones con EM.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Cardiología
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son una de las principales causas de muerte en el mundo.
- Las poblaciones de minorías sexuales (SM) experimentan disparidades de salud cardiovascular documentadas.
- El modelo de estrés minoritario explica el riesgo de ECV en individuos con EM a través de vías psicosociales, conductuales y fisiológicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Elucidar los mecanismos subyacentes a las disparidades de salud cardiovascular en las poblaciones de EM.
- Analizar las lagunas de investigación en la salud cardiovascular SM.
- Sugerir mejoras para la atención y las intervenciones cardiovasculares para las personas con EM.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura más reciente.
- Análisis de los determinantes multinivel que afectan a la salud cardiovascular de la EM.
- Identificación de las limitaciones de la investigación y las direcciones futuras.
Principales resultados:
- Determinantes de varios niveles como los factores estresantes de las minorías y la violencia están relacionados con comportamientos adversos para la salud (uso de tabaco / alcohol) y condiciones (obesidad, hipertensión) en las poblaciones de EM.
- Los estudios existentes sobre las disparidades en la salud cardiovascular de la EM presentan importantes limitaciones metodológicas.
- Comprender los mecanismos de mediación es crucial para las intervenciones efectivas.
Conclusiones:
- Las mejoras metodológicas son esenciales para comprender los mecanismos de riesgo de ECV en las poblaciones de EM.
- Se necesitan intervenciones específicas para reducir las disparidades de salud cardiovascular entre las personas con EM.
- Esta revisión proporciona un marco para que los médicos e investigadores mejoren la atención cardiovascular de las personas con EM.
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