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Optimizar los pequeños cuerpos de agua como una solución basada en la naturaleza para mitigar la contaminación por

He Duan^1,2, Wangzheng Shen^1,2, Qingsong Wang^1,3

¹Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Jianghan Plain-Honghu Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.

Environmental science & technology

|September 3, 2025

Resumen

Pequeñas masas de agua en China

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Ciencias Agrícolas
Ecología

Sus antecedentes:

Las pequeñas masas de agua son cruciales para el ciclo de nutrientes en los paisajes agrícolas.
Su capacidad de eliminación de nitrógeno (N) a gran escala no se comprende bien.
Los campos de arroz son fuentes importantes de emisiones de nitrógeno.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la eficiencia de eliminación de nitrógeno de las tuberías de arroz en las regiones productoras de arroz de China.
Evaluar el potencial de las SAE para mitigar la contaminación por nitrógeno procedente de la agricultura.
Identificar las estrategias óptimas para mejorar la eliminación de nitrógeno por parte de los SWB.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó un modelo de eliminación de N que incorporaba factores biogeoquímicos.
Se han analizado datos de 1,75 millones de SAO (<0,33 ha) en las regiones productoras de arroz de China.
Se evaluó el impacto de la distribución de SWB y la cobertura de macrófitos en la eliminación de N.

Principales resultados:

Los SWB potencialmente eliminan 169.97 kt N anualmente, el 23.62% de las emisiones nacionales de N de los cultivos, con beneficios económicos de $ 1.68 mil millones de dólares estadounidenses.
Existe un desajuste espacial entre la distribución de SWB y los puntos calientes de emisión N.
Los aumentos específicos de SWB en áreas críticas y una mayor cobertura de macrófitos (25-50%) pueden mejorar significativamente la eficiencia de la eliminación de N.

Conclusiones:

La optimización de la distribución SWB y el aumento de la cobertura de macrófitos son soluciones eficaces basadas en la naturaleza para la contaminación por nitrógeno.
La colocación estratégica de los SWB ofrece una mayor eficiencia de eliminación de N que un aumento uniforme.
Estas estrategias maximizan los beneficios ecológicos y económicos bajo las limitaciones de los recursos de la tierra.

Palabras clave:

reducción del nitrógeno Contaminación de origen no puntual campo de arroz humedales pequeños vegetación

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