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Abuso recreativo de óxido nitroso: desafíos anestésicos y complicaciones perioperatorias, incluidas quemaduras en las
Nosaiba K Ezzelarab1, Tarek Matar2
1Anaesthesia, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, GBR.
Cureus
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
El mal uso recreativo del óxido nitroso (N2O) causa graves problemas de salud como lesiones en las vías respiratorias y daños neurológicos. Los anestesistas deben evitar el N2O durante la cirugía y sospechar el uso indebido en pacientes con estas complicaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Anestesiología
- Toxicología
- Neurología
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso recreativo de óxido nitroso (N2O), conocido como "hippy crack", está aumentando.
- Este mal uso conduce a graves problemas de salud, incluidas lesiones por resfriado en las vías respiratorias, déficits neurológicos y eventos trombóticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las implicaciones perioperatorias del mal uso recreativo del N2O.
- Centrándose en las lesiones de las vías respiratorias, secuelas neurológicas y estrategias de manejo de anestesia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre el uso indebido del N2O y sus efectos clínicos.
- Análisis de informes de casos y estudios que detallan las complicaciones perioperatorias.
Principales resultados:
- La inhalación directa de N2O puede causar quemaduras por frío, lo que compromete la seguridad de las vías respiratorias.
- El uso crónico de N2O inactiva la vitamina B12, lo que lleva a la degeneración combinada subaguda y a la neuropatía periférica.
- El N2O intraoperatorio puede empeorar las complicaciones neurológicas preexistentes en los pacientes afectados.
Conclusiones:
- Los médicos deben sospechar el uso indebido de N2O en pacientes que presentan síntomas relevantes.
- Evitar la administración intraoperatoria de N2O en pacientes con sospecha de uso indebido.
- Se recomienda una evaluación neurológica temprana y apoyo para el abuso de sustancias.
Palabras clave:
quemaduras en las vías respiratoriasAnestesia en el cuerpocomplicaciones neurológicasÓxido nitrosoVitamina B12 en el cuerpoMás Videos Relacionados
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