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Función glinfática deteriorada y su asociación con retraso del habla y del lenguaje en niños con TDAH: un estudio

Yangchen Li1,2, Jianhong Wang3,4, Xinyu Yuan1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in human neuroscience
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) muestran deterioro de la función del sistema glinfático. Este deterioro está relacionado con retrasos en el habla y el lenguaje, lo que sugiere una posible conexión entre la eliminación de desechos cerebrales y los desafíos de desarrollo en el TDAH.

Palabras clave:
TDAH y TDAHDTI-ALPS (en inglés)ComorbilidadFunción del sistema glinfáticoretraso del habla y del lenguaje

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Pediatría del desarrollo
  • Radiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El sistema glinfático es crucial para la homeostasis del cerebro, limpiando los productos de desecho.
  • El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) está asociado con varios problemas de desarrollo.
  • Comprender el papel del sistema glinfático en el TDAH es vital para comprender su fisiopatología.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la función del sistema glinfático en niños con TDAH.
  • Explorar la relación entre el TDAH, la función glinfática y los problemas de desarrollo motor y del lenguaje.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio prospectivo en el que participaron 56 niños con TDAH y 33 niños con desarrollo típico.
  • Análisis de la imagen del tensor de difusión a lo largo del espacio perivascular (DTI-ALPS) para evaluar la función glifática a través del índice ALPS.
  • Comparación del índice ALPS entre los grupos de TDAH y TD, y análisis de correlación con el desarrollo motor y del lenguaje.

Principales resultados:

  • Los niños con TDAH presentaron un índice de ALPS significativamente más bajo en comparación con los niños con TD (p < 0,05).
  • Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el índice ALPS y el retraso del habla y del lenguaje en pacientes con TDAH (r = -0,329, p = 0,015).
  • No se observó una correlación significativa entre el índice ALPS y el retraso motor grueso en pacientes con TDAH.

Conclusiones:

  • La disfunción del sistema linfático puede estar presente en el TDAH.
  • Este estudio proporciona la primera evidencia que vincula la función linfática deteriorada con retrasos en el habla y el lenguaje en el TDAH.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren beneficios potenciales de la intervención temprana para el desarrollo del lenguaje en el TDAH y justifican una mayor investigación causal.