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Redefinir los roles de las jugadoras en el baloncesto profesional femenino: de las posiciones tradicionales a los
Sergio J Ibáñez1, Javier Courel-Ibáñez2, José Miguel Contreras-García3
1Faculty of Sport Sciences, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
PloS one
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
Los roles tradicionales de los jugadores de baloncesto pueden estar desactualizados. Este estudio redefine los roles de las jugadoras de baloncesto femeninas utilizando datos de rendimiento, identificando nueve perfiles funcionales distintos más allá de las cinco posiciones convencionales para un mejor análisis táctico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del deporte
- Análisis de baloncesto
- Análisis del rendimiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La clasificación tradicional de los roles de los jugadores en el baloncesto femenino se basa en cinco posiciones convencionales.
- Este marco puede no representar con precisión las demandas actuales del juego y las especializaciones de los jugadores.
- Existe la necesidad de redefinir los roles de los jugadores en función de los datos reales de rendimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y redefinir las funciones funcionales de los jugadores en el baloncesto femenino profesional.
- Desarrollar un sistema de clasificación más matizado utilizando datos de rendimiento.
- Proporcionar un marco basado en datos para la planificación táctica y el desarrollo de jugadores.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 36.204 registros de jugadores de 3.894 juegos en la Liga Femenina Endesa española (2012-2022).
- Normalización de las estadísticas de juego por tiempo de juego efectivo y escalado a un formato de 40 minutos.
- Aplicación de técnicas de aprendizaje sin supervisión (medios k, modelos de mezcla gaussiana) para identificar perfiles de jugadores.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las posiciones tradicionales, junto con una considerable superposición funcional.
- El aprendizaje no supervisado identificó nueve roles funcionales estables e interpretables.
- Estos roles abarcan especializaciones ofensivas, defensivas e híbridas, que ofrecen un mayor matiz que el modelo tradicional.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo tradicional de cinco posiciones es insuficiente para clasificar los roles de las jugadoras de baloncesto de élite modernas.
- Un enfoque basado en datos que utiliza indicadores de rendimiento revela nueve funciones distintas.
- Este nuevo sistema de clasificación ofrece beneficios prácticos para el entrenamiento, el reconocimiento y el desarrollo de jugadores.
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