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Mejorar la respuesta a emergencias: una evaluación cualitativa de las necesidades que involucre a las personas con
Emily Gleaton1, Sarah Farmer1, Paul M A Baker1
1Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
Human factors
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
La respuesta de emergencia para las personas con discapacidad requiere una mejor comunicación, capacitación y recursos. Las intervenciones de Factores Humanos pueden cerrar brechas entre las personas con discapacidad y los primeros en responder para obtener mejores resultados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Factores humanos
- Respuesta de emergencia
- Estudios sobre la discapacidad
Sus antecedentes:
- La literatura de respuesta a emergencias a menudo pasa por alto las experiencias de las personas con discapacidad.
- Un enfoque centrado en la persona es crucial para comprender estas necesidades que se entrecruzan.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las experiencias de las personas con discapacidad y los socorristas durante las emergencias.
- Identificar los factores ambientales y sociales que obstaculizan los resultados de la respuesta de emergencia para las personas con discapacidad.
Principales métodos:
- Una encuesta de evaluación de necesidades de 126 participantes (95 personas con discapacidad, 31 socorristas).
- El análisis incluyó elementos de estilo Likert, respuestas abiertas utilizando análisis temático reflexivo y análisis de sentimiento exploratorio.
Principales resultados:
- Se han identificado temas clave: barreras de comunicación, formación insuficiente y recursos limitados.
- Las personas con discapacidad destacaron la necesidad de una comunicación respetuosa y adaptativa.
- Los primeros socorristas notaron dificultades con el tiempo, las herramientas y los métodos de comunicación accesibles.
Conclusiones:
- Conocimientos fundamentales sobre las barreras que afectan a la respuesta de emergencia para las personas con discapacidad y los socorristas.
- Se proponen soluciones de Factores Humanos para mejorar la comunicación, la formación y los recursos.
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