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Trastornos del sueño en adolescentes: implicaciones para la morbilidad psiquiátrica
Leila Tarokh1, Carolina Guiterrez-Herrera2
1Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000, Bern, Switzerland.
Biological psychiatry
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
Los problemas de sueño de los adolescentes están fuertemente relacionados con problemas de salud mental debido al desarrollo del cerebro. Abordar los trastornos del sueño puede mejorar las condiciones psiquiátricas y el bienestar general de los adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología del desarrollo
- La psiquiatría
Sus antecedentes:
- La adolescencia es un período crítico del desarrollo del cerebro y un mayor riesgo de trastornos psiquiátricos.
- El sueño juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo y la salud mental de los adolescentes.
- Los trastornos del sueño son cada vez más reconocidos como un factor potencial en la vulnerabilidad psiquiátrica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el papel fundamental del sueño en el desarrollo de los adolescentes y su relación bidireccional con la salud mental.
- Explorar cómo los factores genéticos y ambientales relacionan los trastornos del sueño con la vulnerabilidad psiquiátrica.
- Abogar por enfoques integrados y basados en el desarrollo para tratar los trastornos psiquiátricos, considerando el sueño como un marcador diagnóstico y un objetivo terapéutico.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura que sintetiza la investigación actual sobre el sueño, el desarrollo adolescente y los trastornos psiquiátricos.
- Análisis de los factores genéticos y ambientales que influyen en la relación entre el sueño y la salud mental.
- Examen de los marcos transdiagnósticos y las estrategias de intervención.
Principales resultados:
- El trastorno del sueño es un factor significativo que vincula las influencias genéticas y ambientales con la vulnerabilidad psiquiátrica en los adolescentes.
- Las anomalías del sueño son características centrales potenciales en varias afecciones psiquiátricas, que apoyan los enfoques transdiagnósticos.
- Las intervenciones conductuales y farmacológicas dirigidas al sueño son prometedoras para mejorar los resultados de salud mental.
Conclusiones:
- El sueño es un factor crítico, pero a menudo pasado por alto, en la salud mental y los trastornos psiquiátricos de los adolescentes.
- Las intervenciones integradas y basadas en el desarrollo que se dirigen al sueño son cruciales para promover la resiliencia de los adolescentes.
- Se necesita investigación multidisciplinaria para comprender completamente las vías causales y optimizar las intervenciones centradas en el sueño.
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