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El aumento de la carga de las fracturas por caídas: información del estudio sobre la carga global de enfermedades
Chengfan Zhong1, Chunqiu Mai2, Wei Liu1
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China.
Resumen
Las fracturas relacionadas con las caídas representan un desafío creciente para la salud mundial, con una incidencia en aumento significativo. A pesar de una disminución general de las tasas estandarizadas por edad, los últimos años muestran un aumento, lo que requiere estrategias de prevención específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las fracturas por caídas son un importante problema de salud pública mundial.
- Los datos completos sobre la carga de las fracturas relacionadas con las caídas son limitados.
- Comprender las tendencias es crucial para las intervenciones efectivas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la incidencia global, regional y nacional y los años vividos con discapacidad (YLD) de las fracturas relacionadas con caídas.
- Examinar las tendencias de 1990 a 2021.
- Identificar poblaciones y áreas geográficas de alto riesgo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del estudio de la carga mundial de enfermedades (1990-2021).
- Se analizaron las tendencias en la incidencia, las YLD, las tasas de incidencia estandarizadas por edad (ASIR) y las tasas de YLD estandarizadas por edad (ASYR) por sexo, país, sitio anatómico y grupo de edad.
- Se incluyen análisis de 204 países.
Principales resultados:
- La incidencia global y las YLD de fracturas relacionadas con caídas aumentaron significativamente entre 1990 y 2021.
- En 2021, se produjeron aproximadamente 100,5 millones de nuevas fracturas, un aumento del 49,5% desde 1990.
- Si bien ASIR y ASYR disminuyeron en general, mostraron una tendencia al alza reciente; los sitios comunes incluyen la mano, el fémur y la columna vertebral.
Conclusiones:
- La carga global de fracturas relacionadas con caídas ha aumentado sustancialmente, especialmente en las mujeres.
- El reciente resurgimiento de las tasas estandarizadas por edad requiere atención urgente.
- Las estrategias de prevención específicas son esenciales para los grupos y regiones de alto riesgo para reducir el impacto futuro.
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