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Defecto septal atrioventricular incompleto y estenosis mitral supravalvular causando insuficiencia cardíaca en un

Kazuki Harada¹, Chisato Akita², Hinako Harada³

¹Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.

The Journal of veterinary medical science

|September 3, 2025

Resumen

Este estudio informa la supervivencia más larga de un gato diagnosticado con defecto septal atrioventricular incompleto (IAVSD) y estenosis mitral supravalvular (SVMS), destacando la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de la enfermedad cardíaca congénita compleja en felinos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología veterinaria
Patología Comparada
Medicina para gatos

Sus antecedentes:

Las enfermedades cardíacas congénitas en los gatos pueden presentarse con anormalidades anatómicas complejas.
Los defectos del tabique auricular (DSA) y la estenosis de la válvula mitral son afecciones cardíacas significativas en felinos.
Los datos de supervivencia a largo plazo para gatos con anomalías cardíacas combinadas son limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Documentar un caso raro de defecto atrioventricular incompleto combinado (IAVSD) y estenosis mitral supravalvular (SVMS) en un gato.
Para informar la presentación clínica, los hallazgos diagnósticos y el resultado de esta condición cardíaca compleja.
Establecer un punto de referencia para la duración de la supervivencia en pacientes felinos con IAVSD y SVMS simultáneos.

Principales métodos:

Examen clínico que incluya auscultación para detectar soplo cardíaco y evaluación de la disnea.
Imágenes de diagnóstico: radiografía torácica para el derrame pleural y evaluación de los vasos pulmonares.
Ecocardiografía para evaluar el tamaño de la cámara cardíaca, los defectos del tabique, la morfología de la válvula y la dinámica del flujo sanguíneo (shunting).
Necropsia para la confirmación patológica definitiva de las anomalías cardíacas.

Principales resultados:

Un gato persa de 13 años presentó disnea y soplo cardíaco, exhibiendo derrame pleural y dilatación de los vasos pulmonares.
La ecocardiografía reveló agrandamiento auricular/ventricular derecho, dilatación del apéndice auricular izquierdo, un defecto del tabique auricular (ASD) con derivación de izquierda a derecha (proporción de flujo pulmonar a sistémico de 2,72) y estenosis mitral supravalvular (SVMS).
La necropsia confirmó IAVSD con una hendidura de la válvula mitral y SVMS. El gato sobrevivió durante 7 meses bajo tratamiento médico.

Conclusiones:

Este caso representa la supervivencia más larga reportada (7 meses) en un gato con defecto septal atrioventricular incompleto (IAVSD) y estenosis mitral supravalvular (SVMS) simultáneos.
Los hallazgos subrayan la posibilidad de una supervivencia prolongada incluso con malformaciones cardíacas congénitas complejas en gatos.
Este caso proporciona información valiosa sobre el manejo clínico y el pronóstico de anomalías cardíacas combinadas en pacientes felinos.

Palabras clave:

el gato insuficiencia cardíaca Defecto del tabique atrioventricular incompleto Estenosis mitral supravalvular

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