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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Environmental pollutants like...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
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Exposición a la radiación ionizante: ¿Cuáles son los riesgos hoy en día?

Saumya S Gurbani1, Ichiro Ikuta2, Mina S Makary3

  • 1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.S.G.).

Academic radiology
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La imagen médica es crucial para el cuidado del paciente, pero plantea riesgos de radiación ionizante. Esta revisión examina los riesgos de la radiación, las tecnologías de reducción de dosis y los protocolos de seguridad para los radiólogos.

Palabras clave:
Radiación ionizanteExposición a las radiacionesRiesgos de las radiacionesSeguridad radiológica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Radiología e imágenes médicas
  • Radiología Oncológica
  • Física de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las imágenes médicas son parte integral del diagnóstico moderno y el manejo del paciente.
  • La evolución de las tecnologías de imagen presenta desafíos para equilibrar la utilidad diagnóstica con los riesgos de exposición a la radiación.
  • La comunidad radiológica debe abordar las implicaciones de seguridad de la radiación ionizante en la práctica clínica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre los riesgos de la radiación ionizante en las imágenes médicas.
  • Discutir los avances tecnológicos destinados a reducir la dosis de radiación.
  • Presentar las mejores prácticas para los protocolos de seguridad radiológica en imágenes médicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura sobre los riesgos de la radiación ionizante y las técnicas de reducción de la dosis.
  • Análisis de las innovaciones tecnológicas actuales en los equipos de imágenes médicas.
  • Revisión de los protocolos de seguridad establecidos y emergentes para la protección radiológica.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación de los procedimientos de diagnóstico clave asociados con una exposición significativa a la radiación ionizante.
  • Resumen de las técnicas avanzadas de imagen y modificaciones de hardware para la optimización de la dosis.
  • Síntesis de recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para minimizar las dosis de radiación de los pacientes y el personal.

Conclusiones:

  • La gestión eficaz de los riesgos de la radiación ionizante es esencial en las imágenes médicas.
  • El progreso tecnológico ofrece importantes oportunidades para la reducción de la dosis de radiación.
  • El cumplimiento de protocolos de seguridad sólidos es primordial para las prácticas médicas de imagen segura y efectiva.