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Exposición a la radiación ionizante: ¿Cuáles son los riesgos hoy en día?

Saumya S Gurbani¹, Ichiro Ikuta², Mina S Makary³

¹Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.S.G.).

Academic radiology

|September 3, 2025

Resumen

La imagen médica es crucial para el cuidado del paciente, pero plantea riesgos de radiación ionizante. Esta revisión examina los riesgos de la radiación, las tecnologías de reducción de dosis y los protocolos de seguridad para los radiólogos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Radiología e imágenes médicas
Radiología Oncológica
Física de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

Las imágenes médicas son parte integral del diagnóstico moderno y el manejo del paciente.
La evolución de las tecnologías de imagen presenta desafíos para equilibrar la utilidad diagnóstica con los riesgos de exposición a la radiación.
La comunidad radiológica debe abordar las implicaciones de seguridad de la radiación ionizante en la práctica clínica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proporcionar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre los riesgos de la radiación ionizante en las imágenes médicas.
Discutir los avances tecnológicos destinados a reducir la dosis de radiación.
Presentar las mejores prácticas para los protocolos de seguridad radiológica en imágenes médicas.

Principales métodos:

Búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura sobre los riesgos de la radiación ionizante y las técnicas de reducción de la dosis.
Análisis de las innovaciones tecnológicas actuales en los equipos de imágenes médicas.
Revisión de los protocolos de seguridad establecidos y emergentes para la protección radiológica.

Principales resultados:

Identificación de los procedimientos de diagnóstico clave asociados con una exposición significativa a la radiación ionizante.
Resumen de las técnicas avanzadas de imagen y modificaciones de hardware para la optimización de la dosis.
Síntesis de recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para minimizar las dosis de radiación de los pacientes y el personal.

Conclusiones:

La gestión eficaz de los riesgos de la radiación ionizante es esencial en las imágenes médicas.
El progreso tecnológico ofrece importantes oportunidades para la reducción de la dosis de radiación.
El cumplimiento de protocolos de seguridad sólidos es primordial para las prácticas médicas de imagen segura y efectiva.

Palabras clave:

Radiación ionizante Exposición a las radiaciones Riesgos de las radiaciones Seguridad radiológica

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