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Camino hacia el desarrollo de directrices sobre enfermedades no transmisibles pediátricas en Malawi: una revisión del
Dominic Moyo1, Megumi Nagase2, Amos Msekandiana1
1Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
BMC health services research
|September 3, 2025
Resumen
Las directrices de práctica clínica pediátrica africanas existentes para las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) muestran lagunas en la prevención y la promoción de la salud. El desarrollo de nuevas directrices para Malawi abordará estas áreas críticas para mejorar los resultados de la salud infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pediátrica
- Salud pública
- Directrices para la práctica clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son un problema de salud mundial creciente en los niños, que afecta a los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
- Las intervenciones basadas en la evidencia y relevantes a nivel local y las directrices de práctica clínica estandarizadas son cruciales para mejorar la calidad de la atención pediátrica.
- Esta revisión evalúa las directrices pediátricas africanas existentes para informar el desarrollo de directrices de ENT para niños en Malawi.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Al alcance, contenido y estructura de las directrices de práctica clínica pediátrica existentes en África.
- Identificar las lagunas en las directrices actuales, especialmente en lo que respecta a las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en los niños.
- Informar sobre el desarrollo de directrices completas sobre enfermedades no transmisibles pediátricas para Malawi.
Principales métodos:
- Buscado en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane para las directrices de ENT pediátricas africanas (2003-2022).
- Realizó búsquedas manuales de literatura gris y se puso en contacto con expertos de toda África.
- Se analizaron 19 directrices de 13 países africanos utilizando un marco estandarizado.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron 19 directrices de 13 países africanos; 6 fueron específicas para la pediatría, y el resto fueron integradas para adultos y niños.
- No se encontraron pautas específicas para las ENT pediátricas, pero las ENT comunes cubiertas incluyeron lesiones, trastornos del desarrollo, mentales, respiratorios, cardiovasculares, endocrinos, renales, reumatológicos y hemato-oncológicos.
- Existió una heterogeneidad significativa, con directrices integradas que ofrecían menos detalles. La mayoría de las directrices carecían de aspectos de prevención y promoción de la salud.
Conclusiones:
- La revisión identificó brechas sustanciales en el contenido de las directrices pediátricas, especialmente en la promoción y prevención de la salud, en todos los países africanos.
- El desarrollo de nuevas directrices pediátricas sobre ENT para Malawi integrará las ideas de sus pares africanos y abordará las deficiencias de contenido identificadas.
- Abordar estas brechas es vital para reducir la carga de las ENT pediátricas en Malawi y potencialmente en otras naciones africanas.
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