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Intervenciones para la prevención del suicidio en las escuelas: evaluación de la base de pruebas
Tina Marshall1, John Cosgrove1, Melissa Wilson1
1Westat, Rockville, MD.
Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los programas de prevención del suicidio en las escuelas son prometedores, pero se necesita más investigación. El programa "Señales de suicidio" tiene evidencia moderada, y otras intervenciones mejoraron los resultados de salud mental en los jóvenes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Psicología
- Educación
Sus antecedentes:
- Las tasas de suicidio juvenil siguen siendo una preocupación mundial significativa.
- Las escuelas son entornos ideales para la prevención del suicidio debido a la amplia participación de los jóvenes.
- La evidencia de la eficacia de las intervenciones basadas en la escuela necesita una evaluación sistemática.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y evaluar sistemáticamente el nivel de evidencia de las intervenciones específicas de prevención del suicidio en las escuelas.
- Evaluar las intervenciones utilizando criterios de calificación establecidos para el rigor científico.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de bases de datos, literatura gris y registros (2008-2022).
- Estudios identificados sobre las intervenciones de prevención del suicidio en las escuelas.
- Intervenciones clasificadas en función del número y la calidad de los estudios con resultados positivos.
Principales resultados:
- Ninguna intervención alcanzó un alto nivel de evidencia; "Señales de suicidio" tenían evidencia moderada.
- Diez intervenciones demostraron mejores resultados relacionados con el suicidio (ideación, intentos, comportamiento).
- Cuatro intervenciones tuvieron un impacto positivo en la salud mental (depresión, ansiedad, angustia).
Conclusiones:
- La investigación adicional es esencial para fortalecer la base de datos para la prevención del suicidio en las escuelas.
- Los estudios futuros deben centrarse en las intervenciones con resultados positivos relacionados con el suicidio y la salud mental.
- Se recomiendan análisis de la relación coste-eficacia de estas intervenciones.
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