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Tendencias en la sensibilidad no celíaca al gluten y al trigo: ¿un problema autogestionado?

F Manza1,2, S A Raju2,3, R M Harrop4

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

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PubMed
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La adherencia a la dieta sin gluten es pobre para los pacientes con sensibilidad al gluten / trigo no celíaca (NCGWS), a pesar del aumento de las ventas de productos sin gluten. Muchos pacientes con NCGWS continúan buscando asesoramiento médico, lo que indica desafíos en curso con el manejo dietético.

Palabras clave:
Sensibilidad al gluten no celíacaseguimientosensibilidad al glutenDieta sin glutenAdherencia a una dieta sin glutenMercado sin glutensensibilidad al trigo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gastroenterología
  • Ciencias de la alimentación
  • Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • La sensibilidad no celíaca al gluten/trigo (NCGWS) afecta a personas sin enfermedad celíaca o alergia al trigo.
  • Una dieta libre de gluten (GFD, por sus siglas en inglés) es la principal estrategia de tratamiento para el NCGWS.
  • Las tendencias recientes sugieren una disminución potencial en los diagnósticos de NCGWS después de la pandemia de COVID-19.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Analizar las tendencias del mercado del Reino Unido para los productos sin gluten (GF).
  • Para evaluar la adherencia a largo plazo de la GFD en pacientes con auto-reporte de NCGWS.
  • Evaluar la eficacia percibida de la GFD y la necesidad de asesoramiento médico adicional en pacientes con NCGWS.

Principales métodos:

  • Se analizaron los datos del mercado del Reino Unido sobre las ventas de productos GF y las percepciones de los compradores.
  • Se administró un cuestionario de seguimiento a los pacientes con NCGWS diagnosticados entre 2006 y 2018.
  • La adherencia a la GFD se midió utilizando la puntuación de Biagi y se comparó con una cohorte de enfermedad celíaca (EC).

Principales resultados:

  • Las ventas de productos GF aumentaron significativamente de 214 millones de libras esterlinas (2014) a 607 millones de libras esterlinas (2024).
  • Los pacientes con NCGWS constituyeron el 9,7% de los compradores de productos de GF.
  • Los pacientes con NCGWS mostraron una adherencia a la GFD significativamente menor en comparación con los pacientes con CD (p < 0,05).
  • El 36% de los pacientes con NCGWS buscó asesoramiento médico posterior al alta.

Conclusiones:

  • A pesar de una disminución potencial en las derivaciones, un porcentaje notable de individuos usan dietas de GF para NCGWS.
  • La adherencia a largo plazo a un GFD en pacientes con NCGWS es subóptima.
  • Es posible que se necesiten más investigaciones para comprender las necesidades persistentes de atención médica en el manejo de NCGWS.