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Síndrome de ovario poliquístico: apoyo y prevención en la adolescencia
Katja Wechsung1, Uta Neumann2, Nicole Balint3
1SPZ Interdisziplinär, Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los síntomas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) en adolescentes suelen ser fisiológicos y requieren criterios diagnósticos específicos. Las nuevas directrices ofrecen un diagnóstico provisional para los adolescentes en riesgo, centrándose en el asesoramiento sobre el estilo de vida y el manejo de las comorbilidades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología reproductiva
- Medicina para adolescentes
- Ginecología
Sus antecedentes:
- El diagnóstico del síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) en adolescentes es difícil debido a la superposición de síntomas fisiológicos.
- Los criterios diagnósticos existentes para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico en adultos no son totalmente aplicables a la población adolescente.
- Las directrices recientes (S2k alemán, International PCOS 2023) estandarizan el diagnóstico del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en adolescentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para delinear un enfoque de diagnóstico estructurado para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico en adolescentes.
- Presentar estrategias terapéuticas basadas en la evidencia para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico en adolescentes.
- Destacar la importancia de los criterios de diagnóstico y seguimiento actualizados.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las directrices alemanas S2k y las directrices internacionales PCOS de 2023.
- Análisis de los criterios de diagnóstico para el hiperandrogenismo y las irregularidades menstruales en adolescentes.
- Síntesis de las recomendaciones terapéuticas, incluidas las modificaciones del estilo de vida y el tratamiento de las comorbilidades.
Principales resultados:
- Introducción de un diagnóstico provisional de "SOP en riesgo" para los adolescentes que cumplan algunos criterios.
- Reevaluación obligatoria del diagnóstico provisional a los 3 y 8 años después de la menarca.
- El enfoque terapéutico en la educación, el asesoramiento sobre el estilo de vida y el control de la obesidad, la resistencia a la insulina y la hipertensión.
Conclusiones:
- El SOP en adolescentes requiere criterios de diagnóstico y protocolos de seguimiento adaptados.
- La intervención temprana centrada en el estilo de vida y la prevención de las comorbilidades es crucial.
- El trabajo estructurado y los enfoques terapéuticos son esenciales para apoyar a los adolescentes con SOP.
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