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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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El sistema del complemento en el embarazo humano y la preeclampsia

Vijay Kumar1, John H Stewart1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Frontiers in immunology
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

El sistema del complemento es vital para un embarazo saludable. Su desregulación está relacionada con la preeclampsia, una afección grave, que pone de relieve la necesidad de diagnósticos y terapias basadas en el complemento.

Palabras clave:
Cantidad totalembarazo humanohomeostasis del sistema inmunológicoInmunorregulaciónLa placentaPreeclampsia, por ejemplo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología Reproductiva
  • La inmunidad innata
  • Salud materna y fetal

Sus antecedentes:

  • El embarazo humano exitoso requiere la adaptación inmune materna al embrión semi-allograft.
  • La desregulación inmune durante el embarazo puede conducir a complicaciones como pérdida de embarazo recurrente y preeclampsia.
  • El sistema del complemento (CS) es un componente inmune innato clave crucial para la homeostasis inmune.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar el papel crítico del sistema del complemento (CS) en el embarazo humano.
  • Explorar cómo la desregulación del sistema cefalorraquídeo contribuye a la patogénesis de la preeclampsia.
  • Revisar las estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas basadas en el complemento para la preeclampsia.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de las vías de señalización, reguladores y ejes del sistema del complemento (C3a/C3aR, C5a/C5aR).
  • Análisis del papel del CS en la fertilización, la implantación y el desarrollo fetal.
  • Examen de las alteraciones cerebrovasculares maternas en el embarazo normal y la preeclampsia.

Principales resultados:

  • El CS es integral para el establecimiento y mantenimiento exitoso del embarazo.
  • Se observan alteraciones en la señalización CS materna en la preeclampsia.
  • Tanto la desregulación sistémica como la local (placentaria) del sistema cefalorraquídeo contribuyen a la preeclampsia.

Conclusiones:

  • El sistema del complemento juega un papel fundamental en el embarazo.
  • La desregulación del complemento es un factor importante en el desarrollo de la preeclampsia.
  • Dirigirse al sistema del complemento ofrece vías prometedoras para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la preeclampsia.