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Asociación entre la salud bucal y la probable sarcopenia en adultos mayores: un estudio transversal
Ayça Asma Sakallı1, Bilal Katipoğlu2
1Department of Family Medicine, HSU Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey.
International journal of general medicine
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
La mala salud bucal está relacionada con la probable sarcopenia en adultos mayores. La evaluación de la salud bucal en la atención geriátrica puede ayudar a detectar a las personas en riesgo para una intervención temprana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina para la edad avanzada
- Ciencias de la salud bucal
- Ciencias de la nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- La sarcopenia es un problema de salud importante en los adultos mayores.
- La salud bucal es cada vez más reconocida como un factor que influye en la salud general de las poblaciones que envejecen.
- La asociación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y la sarcopenia requiere una investigación adicional en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y la probable sarcopenia en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.
- Evaluar la utilidad de los exámenes de detección de la salud bucal dentro de la atención geriátrica de rutina.
- Identificar los predictores de la probable sarcopenia en la población de edad avanzada.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal de 315 adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad (≥65 años).
- Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal evaluada mediante el Índice de Evaluación de la Salud Bucal Geriátrica (GOHAI).
- Probable sarcopenia definida por baja fuerza muscular utilizando la dinamometría de agarre y los criterios EWGSOP2; las evaluaciones adicionales incluyeron MNA-SF, SARC-F, CFS, índice Katz y Mini-Cog.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la fuerza de agarre y el GOHAI (r = 0,376, p < 0,001).
- La mala calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (GOHAI más bajo) se asoció de forma independiente con una probable sarcopenia en la regresión logística multivariada.
- El menor índice GOHAI, el menor MNA-SF y la polifarmacia fueron predictores independientes significativos de la probable sarcopenia.
Conclusiones:
- La mala calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal es un factor de riesgo independiente para la probable sarcopenia en adultos mayores.
- La integración de evaluaciones de salud bucal, como GOHAI, en la atención geriátrica puede ayudar a la identificación temprana de individuos en riesgo de sarcopenia.
- Este enfoque apoya intervenciones oportunas y específicas para controlar la sarcopenia en los ancianos.
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