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Características de los movimientos de alto impacto observados en jugadores de balonmano de secundaria durante los
International journal of sports physical therapy
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los movimientos de alto impacto en el balonmano son frecuentes durante los juegos, especialmente durante los ataques rápidos en los machos y las transiciones de ataque a defensa en las hembras. Los acelerómetros revelan estas cargas biomecánicas clave durante el juego.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biomecánica
- Ciencias del deporte
- Prevención de las lesiones
Sus antecedentes:
- Las lesiones de balonmano son más comunes durante los juegos que en los entrenamientos.
- Comprender la carga mecánica durante los juegos de balonmano es crucial para la prevención de lesiones.
- Las investigaciones anteriores carecen de datos detallados sobre las características de impacto corporal en el juego.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar las características de impacto del cuerpo durante los juegos de balonmano utilizando acelerómetros.
- Identificar movimientos específicos y situaciones de juego asociadas con eventos de alto impacto.
- Investigar las posibles diferencias de sexo en estos impactos biomecánicos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional comparativo en el que participaron 24 jugadores de balonmano de secundaria (12 hombres, 12 mujeres).
- Datos de aceleración recogidos mediante acelerómetros durante los juegos de práctica.
- Movimientos de alto impacto (aceleración resultante ≥ 6G) identificados y analizados junto con grabaciones de vídeo.
Principales resultados:
- Los movimientos de alto impacto se produjeron con una frecuencia de 5,3 casos/min/persona para los hombres y 4,7 casos/min/persona para las mujeres.
- La desaceleración y el sprint fueron los movimientos de alto impacto más comunes para ambos sexos.
- Los machos experimentaron más impactos altos durante los ataques rápidos, mientras que las hembras experimentaron más durante las transiciones de ataque a defensa.
Conclusiones:
- Situaciones específicas de juego, como ataques rápidos (machos) y transiciones (hembras), están vinculadas a frecuencias más altas de movimientos de alto impacto.
- Las diferencias basadas en el sexo en los patrones de movimiento durante las fases críticas del juego contribuyen a perfiles de impacto variados.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información valiosa para estrategias de prevención de lesiones específicas en jugadores de balonmano masculinos y femeninos.
Palabras clave:
Acelerómetros y sus derivadosel baloncestomovimiento de alto impactolesiones de rodillael sexoMás Videos Relacionados
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